Grammar Across Languages

Explore 461 grammar concepts shared across multiple languages.

general (224)

Indirect Speech

18 languages

Question Formation

16 languages

Reported Speech

14 languages

Time Expressions

13 languages

Ordinal Numbers

13 languages

13 languages

Impersonal Constructions

13 languages

13 languages

Rhetorical Devices

13 languages

Numbers and Time

12 languages

Temporal Connectors

12 languages

Comparatives and Superlatives

10 languages

Idiomatic Expressions

10 languages

10 languages

9 languages

9 languages

Causative Constructions

9 languages

8 languages

Basic Expressions

8 languages

8 languages

Basic Questions

8 languages

Numbers and Counting

8 languages

Discourse Connectors

7 languages

Infinitive Constructions

7 languages

Basic Word Order

7 languages

Formal Register

6 languages

Dialectal Variation

6 languages

Formal Written Style

6 languages

6 languages

Cardinal Numbers

6 languages

Administrative Language

6 languages

There Is / There Are

6 languages

Writing System / Alphabet

6 languages

5 languages

Body and Health

5 languages

Existential Constructions

5 languages

5 languages

5 languages

Academic Writing Style

5 languages

Greetings and Basic Expressions

5 languages

5 languages

Present Participle

5 languages

Legal and Bureaucratic Language

5 languages

Είμαι (to be)

5 languages

Regional Variation

5 languages

Colloquial Register

5 languages

Possessive Suffixes

5 languages

5 languages

5 languages

Quantity Expressions

5 languages

5 languages

Business / Formal Register

5 languages

4 languages

Archaisms and Neologisms

4 languages

Likes and Dislikes

4 languages

Expressing Likes and Preferences

4 languages

Indirect Questions

4 languages

Rhetorical Structures

4 languages

Past Perfect (Υπερσυντέλικος)

4 languages

Bureaucratic and Legal Language

4 languages

Marked Syntax and Rhetorical Structures

4 languages

Discourse Markers

4 languages

Quantity & Selection Questions

4 languages

4 languages

Irregular Past Participles

4 languages

4 languages

Basic Postpositions

4 languages

Greetings and Polite Expressions

4 languages

4 languages

Greetings and Expressions

4 languages

Days, Months, and Dates

4 languages

Family and People

3 languages

3 languages

Location and Directions

3 languages

Greetings and Phrases

3 languages

Basic Declension Patterns

3 languages

Days, Months, and Seasons

3 languages

Soft Declension Patterns

3 languages

Ordinal Numbers and Dates

3 languages

Numeral Categories

3 languages

3 languages

Literary/Bookish Forms

3 languages

Prefix Meaning Distinctions

3 languages

Bureaucratic Language

3 languages

Expressive Word Formation

3 languages

Consonant Alternations

3 languages

På vs I (Location)

3 languages

Formal Subject 'Det'

3 languages

Double Determination

3 languages

Expressing Need and Want

3 languages

Genitive with -s

3 languages

Temporal Expressions

3 languages

Quantity and Partitives

3 languages

Literary and Archaic Forms

3 languages

Έχω (to have)

3 languages

Basic Expressions and Greetings

3 languages

Expressing Likes (μου αρέσει)

3 languages

Existence (υπάρχει/υπάρχουν)

3 languages

Expressing Quantity

3 languages

3 languages

3 languages

Present Perfect

3 languages

3 languages

Word Formation and Derivation

3 languages

Formal and Literary Register

3 languages

Discourse Markers and Connectors

3 languages

بودن - To Be (Present)

3 languages

Location and Direction Words

3 languages

Alphabet and Pronunciation

3 languages

Basic Greetings and Expressions

3 languages

Daily Activities

3 languages

Giving and Receiving

3 languages

3 languages

Basic Time Words

3 languages

Basic Commands and Requests

3 languages

Likes, Wants, and Needs

3 languages

Knowing and Understanding

3 languages

Pronunciation Rules

3 languages

Exclamations and Emphasis

3 languages

Result and Consequence

3 languages

Narrating Events

3 languages

Wishes and Hopes

3 languages

Defining and Explaining

3 languages

Correlative Constructions

3 languages

Advanced Causative Constructions

3 languages

News and Media Language

3 languages

Internet and Social Media Language

3 languages

Advanced Reported Speech

3 languages

Regional Dialects

3 languages

Health and Feelings

3 languages

Resultative Complements

3 languages

Honorific / Politeness System

3 languages

كان (was/were)

2 languages

Days and Months

2 languages

2 languages

Describing People and Appearance

2 languages

Expressing Opinions and Preferences

2 languages

Administrative and Legal Language

2 languages

Discourse Pragmatics

2 languages

Sociolinguistic Awareness

2 languages

Weather Expressions

2 languages

Food and Drink Vocabulary

2 languages

Expressing Opinions

2 languages

Register Variation

2 languages

2 languages

Emphatic Word Order

2 languages

Dialect Variation

2 languages

Yes/No Questions

2 languages

Simple Past (Αόριστος)

2 languages

Advanced Idiomatic Expressions

2 languages

Formal and Academic Register

2 languages

Present Continuous

2 languages

Advanced Idioms

2 languages

Ser (to be) - Present

2 languages

Estar (to be) - Present

2 languages

Ser vs Estar - Basics

2 languages

2 languages

Poder (can/to be able)

2 languages

Querer (to want)

2 languages

Irregular Preterites

2 languages

Present Progressive

2 languages

Preterite vs Imperfect

2 languages

Ser vs Estar - Advanced

2 languages

Emphatic Structures

2 languages

Diminutives & Augmentatives

2 languages

Weather and Feelings

2 languages

Places and Directions

2 languages

Describing People

2 languages

Common Idiomatic Constructions

2 languages

Question Words and Patterns

2 languages

Past Perfect (Pluperfect)

2 languages

خواستن - To Want

2 languages

News and Media Register

2 languages

2 languages

2 languages

Infinitive Forms

2 languages

2 languages

2 languages

Places and Location Words

2 languages

Nature and Weather

2 languages

Ordinal Numbers and Sequencing

2 languages

Word Formation and Compounding

2 languages

Telling Time and Dates

2 languages

Advanced Word Formation

2 languages

Ability (सकना)

2 languages

Wanting (चाहना)

2 languages

2 languages

Dialects and Regional Variation

2 languages

Transport and Directions

2 languages

वाला Construction

2 languages

Dialectal Features

2 languages

Written Discourse Connectors

2 languages

Topicalization and Focus

2 languages

Copula です/だ

2 languages

2 languages

ても (even if)

2 languages

前/後 (before/after)

2 languages

ながら (while)

2 languages

Hearsay そうです

2 languages

Intention つもり

2 languages

てみる (try doing)

2 languages

Advanced Nominalization

2 languages

2 languages

Simple Past (Preteritum)

2 languages

2 languages

2 languages

Weather and Nature

2 languages

2 languages

มี (to have/there is)

2 languages

Advanced Classifiers

2 languages

2 languages

Question Words and Formation

2 languages

Family and Kinship Terms

2 languages

Possessive Constructions

2 languages

Body Parts and Basic Health

2 languages

Formal/Official Language

2 languages

Colors and Shapes

2 languages

Weather and Seasons

2 languages

Focus and Cleft Constructions

2 languages

Complex Aspect Combinations

2 languages

Money and Shopping

2 languages

Directional Complements

2 languages

Potential Complements (得/唔)

2 languages

Topic-Comment Structure

2 languages

verbs (70)

18 languages

Reflexive Verbs

14 languages

14 languages

13 languages

Proverbs and Idioms

10 languages

Common Irregular Verbs

9 languages

8 languages

Can / Ability (Modal Verb)

8 languages

Adverbs of Manner

7 languages

Verbal Prefixes

6 languages

6 languages

6 languages

Want / Desire (Modal Verb)

6 languages

To Like / Enjoy

6 languages

Regular Verbs (Present Tense)

6 languages

Verbs of Motion

5 languages

Modal Verbs in Past

5 languages

Must / Obligation (Modal Verb)

5 languages

Gerund / Progressive Form

5 languages

Causative Construction

5 languages

Frequency & Time Adverbs

4 languages

Reflexive Verbs in Past

4 languages

Serial Verb Constructions

4 languages

To Do / To Make (Verb)

4 languages

Regular Verb Conjugation (1st group)

4 languages

Regular Verb Conjugation (2nd group)

4 languages

Regular Verb Conjugation (3rd group)

4 languages

3 languages

Compound Verb Forms

3 languages

Verb-Preposition Collocations

3 languages

Modal Verbs in Past Tense

3 languages

Adverb Comparison

3 languages

Literary Verb Forms

3 languages

Regular Verb Classes

3 languages

Adverb Formation and Placement

3 languages

Sentence Adverbials

3 languages

Regular -ER Verbs

3 languages

Regular -IR Verbs

3 languages

Modal Expressions

3 languages

3 languages

Basic Verb Structure

3 languages

Reflexive and Reciprocal

3 languages

Adverb Placement

3 languages

3 languages

Stem-Changing / Irregular Verb Patterns

3 languages

Verbal Periphrases

2 languages

Place Adverbs (Her/Der/Hjem)

2 languages

Phrasal Verbs (Particle Verbs)

2 languages

Regular Verbs (Present)

2 languages

2 languages

Adverbs of Place

2 languages

Adverbs of Time and Frequency

2 languages

2 languages

Regular -AR Verbs

2 languages

Adverbs in -mente

2 languages

Idiomatic Expressions and Proverbs

2 languages

Causative Verbs

2 languages

Irregular Verbs

2 languages

2 languages

Stative Verbs (Adjectives)

2 languages

Common Action Verbs

2 languages

Intensifiers and Adverbs

2 languages

Participles and Verbal Adjectives

2 languages

2 languages

Frequency Adverbs

2 languages

Idioms and Proverbs

2 languages

S-Verbs (Reciprocal)

2 languages

Proverbs and Idiomatic Expressions

2 languages

Directional Verbs

2 languages

To Know (saber vs conocer)

2 languages

tenses (19)

18 languages

Sequence of Tenses

12 languages

7 languages

Past Tense (Basic/Perfect)

7 languages

Imperfect Tense (Παρατατικός)

6 languages

Compound Tenses

4 languages

Perfect Tense (Παρακείμενος)

4 languages

Pluperfect Tense

4 languages

Simple Past (Literary)

4 languages

Irregular Present Tense Patterns

3 languages

3 languages

Simple Past Tense

3 languages

Present Continuous Tense

3 languages

Near Future / Going to

3 languages

To Be - Present Tense

2 languages

Simple Present Tense

2 languages

Present Perfect Tense

2 languages

Tense and Aspect Markers

2 languages

Past vs Imperfect Distinction

2 languages

pronouns (18)

Personal Pronouns

28 languages

Demonstrative Pronouns

19 languages

Possessive Pronouns

11 languages

Object Pronouns

11 languages

Subject Pronouns

9 languages

Indefinite Pronouns

8 languages

Indirect Object Pronouns

5 languages

Relative Pronouns

5 languages

Direct Object Pronouns

4 languages

Pronoun Reference (Den/Det/De)

3 languages

Double Object Pronouns

3 languages

Combined Object Pronouns

3 languages

Relative Pronouns (Basic)

3 languages

Relative Pronouns (Advanced)

3 languages

Reflexive Pronouns

3 languages

Stressed Pronouns

2 languages

Partitive Pronoun (of it/some)

2 languages

Locative Pronoun (there/to it)

2 languages

mood (17)

Imperative Mood

21 languages

Conditional Mood

15 languages

Subjunctive Mood

9 languages

Present Subjunctive

5 languages

Imperfect Subjunctive

5 languages

Pluperfect Subjunctive

4 languages

Subjunctive Mood

4 languages

Imperative / Commands

4 languages

Subjunctive Triggers

3 languages

Commands and Imperatives

2 languages

Subjunctive (Konjunktiv)

2 languages

Perfect Subjunctive

2 languages

Future Subjunctive

2 languages

2 languages

Past Subjunctive

2 languages

Imperative -(으)세요

2 languages

Presumptive Mood

2 languages

clauses (17)

Relative Clauses

19 languages

Subordinate Clauses

6 languages

Temporal Clauses

6 languages

Concessive Clauses

4 languages

Purpose and Result Clauses

4 languages

Basic Relative Clauses

3 languages

Advanced Relative Clauses

3 languages

Concessive and Contrastive Clauses

3 languages

Types of Subordinate Clauses

3 languages

Relative Clauses with که

3 languages

Complex Clause Structures

3 languages

Subordinate Clauses

3 languages

Purpose and Reason Clauses

2 languages

Participle Clauses

2 languages

Concessive and Adversative Clauses

2 languages

Purpose Clauses

2 languages

Purpose Clauses with Щоб

2 languages

articles (14)

Indefinite Articles

7 languages

Definite Articles

6 languages

Definite Form (Suffixed Article)

3 languages

Indefinite Article

3 languages

Pragmatic Particles

3 languages

Definite Article ال

2 languages

The Definite Article

2 languages

Partitive Articles

2 languages

The Particle ai

2 languages

Directional Particles

2 languages

Location Particles で/に/へ

2 languages

Possessive Particle の

2 languages

Advanced Particles

2 languages

Modal Particles

2 languages

adjectives (13)

Adjective Agreement

11 languages

Comparison of Adjectives

9 languages

Basic Adjectives

7 languages

Possessive Adjectives

6 languages

5 languages

5 languages

Regular Adjectives

4 languages

Adjective Position

3 languages

Demonstrative Adjectives

3 languages

Adjective Agreement / Declension

3 languages

Comparative Forms

3 languages

Past Participle as Adjective

2 languages

Basic Adjective Agreement

2 languages

conditionals (12)

Conditional Sentences

22 languages

Complex Conditionals

4 languages

Advanced Conditional Patterns

4 languages

Basic Conditional Sentences

3 languages

Past Conditional Sentences

3 languages

Conditional Sentences (Types 2 & 3)

3 languages

Real Conditional Sentences

2 languages

Conditional Sentences (Si clauses)

2 languages

Counterfactual Conditionals

2 languages

Present Conditional

2 languages

Past Conditional

2 languages

Conditional -(으)면

2 languages

voice (10)

26 languages

3 languages

Formal Passive and Impersonal

3 languages

Advanced Passive Constructions

3 languages

Være-Passive (Stative)

2 languages

Passive Alternatives

2 languages

Passive and Stative Constructions

2 languages

Passive-like Constructions

2 languages

Causative Voice

2 languages

2 languages

prepositions (9)

Basic Prepositions

19 languages

Prepositions of Place

9 languages

Prepositions of Time

6 languages

Complex Prepositions

4 languages

Advanced Prepositional Usage

3 languages

Advanced Prepositions

3 languages

Articulated / Contracted Prepositions

3 languages

Simple Prepositions

2 languages

Compound Prepositions

2 languages

cases (9)

7 languages

5 languages

Case System Introduction

4 languages

Nominative and Accusative Cases

4 languages

Instrumental Case

4 languages

4 languages

3 languages

Advanced Case Usage

2 languages

Accusative Case

2 languages

conjunctions (8)

Basic Conjunctions

28 languages

Conjunctions and Connectors

7 languages

Advanced Conjunctions

4 languages

Subordinating Conjunctions

4 languages

Temporal Conjunctions

3 languages

3 languages

Coordinating Conjunctions

2 languages

Complex Conjunctions

2 languages

nouns (8)

Plural Formation

19 languages

9 languages

Gender of Nouns

6 languages

Grammatical Gender / Articles

5 languages

Classifiers / Measure Words

4 languages

2 languages

Common Nouns and Objects

2 languages

Grammatical Gender

2 languages

sentences (7)

Complex Sentence Structures

13 languages

Basic Sentence Structure

3 languages

Complex Sentences

3 languages

Nominal Sentences

2 languages

Cleft Sentences

2 languages

Basic Sentence Structure (VSO)

2 languages

Existential and Locational Sentences

2 languages

negation (4)

17 languages

7 languages

Negation and Questions

3 languages

Negation with Ikke

2 languages

possession (1)

5 languages

word-order (1)

Word Order (Main Clause)

4 languages

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