Imperative Mood

21 languages

FrenchL'Impératif

A2Commands using tu, nous, vous forms without subject. Tu form of -er verbs drops final -s (parle! but finis!). Irregulars: être (sois), avoir (aie), savoir (sache).

ItalianImperativo

B1Commands and requests. Tu form often same as present; Lei form uses subjunctive. Negative tu: non + infinitive. Pronouns attach to end (except with Lei and negative).

PortugueseImperativo

A2Commands: tu form from present (fala! come!), você/vocês use subjunctive forms. Negative uses não + subjunctive. Pronouns attach to affirmative commands.

Arabicفعل الأمر

A2Commands formed from imperfect: remove prefix, add hamza if needed. Negative command: لا + jussive. Different forms for masculine/feminine/plural addressees.

Hindiआज्ञा काल

A2Commands vary by formality: तू form (stem or stem+nothing), तुम form (stem + ओ), आप form (stem + इए/इये). Polite requests add कृपया or please.

RussianПовелительное наклонение

A1Commands: singular informal -й/-и, add -те for formal/plural. Formation from present stem. Negative with не. давай(те) + infinitive for 'let's'.

SwedishImperativ

B1Command form using verb stem. Group 1: -a (tala!), Groups 2-4: stem only (läs!, skriv!). Polite forms with 'kan/skulle du'.

TurkishEmir Kipi

A2Commands use the verb stem (informal) or add -in/-ın (formal/plural). Negative imperative uses -me/-ma. Third person uses -sin/-sın.

PolishTryb Rozkazujący

B1Commands from 2nd/3rd person stem: pisz!, piszmy!, piszcie! Niech + 3rd person for indirect commands. Polite forms with proszę.

B1Command form using verb stem: tal!, læs!, skriv!, kom! Polite forms with 'kan/kunne du'.

NorwegianImperativ

B1Command form using verb stem: snakk!, les!, skriv!, kom! Polite forms with 'kan/kunne du'.

FinnishImperatiivi

B1Commands: 2nd sg. = stem (puhu!), 2nd pl. = -kaa/-kää (puhukaa!), 3rd = -koon/-köön (puhukoon!). Negative: älä + stem.

GreekΠροστακτική

B1Commands from aorist stem (perfective) or present stem (imperfective). γράψε! (write once), γράφε! (keep writing). Negative: μην.

CzechRozkazovací Způsob

B1Commands from present stem: piš!, pišme!, pište! Polite forms with prosím. Negative imperatives: nepiš!

RomanianModul Imperativ

A2Commands with affirmative and negative forms. Negative imperative uses 'nu' + infinitive (2nd sg) or 'nu' + subjunctive.

HungarianFelszólító Mód

A2Commands with -j suffix and various stem changes. Definite and indefinite forms. Polite forms with tessék/legyen szíves.

Hebrewציווי

B1Command forms: shortened future without prefix. כתוב! (write-m.sg), כתבי! (write-f.sg), כתבו! (write-pl). Negative: אל + future.

UkrainianНаказовий Спосіб

B1Commands: 2sg -и/-й, 1pl -імо/-мо, 2pl -іть/-йте. Negative: не + imperative. Polite: прошу/будь ласка.

Persianوجه امری

B1Formed with ب (be-) + present stem (+ ید for formal/plural). Singular informal: برو boro (go!). Formal: بروید beravid. Negative imperative: ن (na-) + present stem: نرو naro (don't go!).

B1Commands and requests. Basque imperative uses synthetic forms for some verbs: zatoz (come!), zoaz (go!), and periphrastic with 'ezazu' (do it). Prohibitions: 'ez + subjunctive'.

CatalanImperatiu

B1Command forms: 2nd singular uses special forms (canta, beu, dorm), 2nd plural uses -eu/-iu. Formal uses subjunctive. Negative imperative uses 'no' + subjunctive. Pronoun placement differs: after affirmative, before negative.

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