Word Formation

14 languages

RussianСловообразование
B2Productive patterns: prefixes (пере-, вы-, за-, при-), suffixes (-ость, -ник, -тель, -ние), compound words. Understanding new words through morphological analysis.
Turkishİleri Düzey Sözcük Yapısı
C1Productive derivational suffixes: -lik/-lık (abstract nouns), -ci/-cı (agent), -siz/-sız (without), -li/-lı (with). Building complex words from roots.
PolishSłowotwórstwo
C1Productive derivation patterns: -ość (abstract nouns), -ny/-ni (adjectives from verbs), -ciel/-ca (agent nouns), -stwo (state/domain).
CzechSlovotvorba
C1Productive derivation patterns: -ost (abstract nouns), -ný/-ní (adjectives from verbs), -tel (agent nouns), -ství (state/domain).
HungarianSzóképzés
C1Derivational suffixes: -ság/-ség (abstract), -ás/-és (action noun), -ó/-ő (agent), -tlan/-tlen (without), -ható/-hető (able).
Hebrewגזירת מילים מתקדמת
C1Word derivation: prefix/suffix patterns, loan integration, blends, abbreviations (ראשי תיבות). How Hebrew creates new words.
IndonesianKata Serapan dan Pembentukan Kata
C1Borrowed vocabulary from Sanskrit, Arabic, Dutch, Portuguese, English. Understanding etymological layers aids formal vocabulary: Malay, Sanskrit, Arabic, European.
UkrainianСловотвір
C1Productive derivation patterns: -ість (abstract nouns), -ний/-ній (adjectives from verbs), -тель/-ник (agent nouns), -ство (state/domain).
Persianواژه‌سازی و اشتقاق
C1Persian word formation patterns: prefixes (نا nā- negation, هم ham- co-/fellow), suffixes (-گاه -gāh place, -مند -mand possessing, -بان -bān keeper). Compound nouns and denominal verbs.
Urduلفظ سازی اور اشتقاق
C1Urdu word formation using Perso-Arabic and native patterns: prefixes بے- be- (without), نا- nā- (un-/not), بد- bad- (bad); suffixes -دار -dār (holder), -گاہ -gāh (place), -ناک -nāk (full of). Productive patterns for creating new words.
BasqueHitz Eraketa eta Deribazioa
B2Productive word formation: suffix -tasun (quality: edertasuna = beauty), -garri (adjective: interesgarria = interesting), -tzaile (agent: irakaslea = teacher), -keria (pejorative), compound words.
MāoriKupu Āhua Hohonu
B2Māori creates new words through compounding: whare + pukapuka = wharepukapuka (library), waka + rererangi = waka rererangi (airplane). Reduplication adds intensity or repetition.
HawaiianHoʻoulu Hua ʻŌlelo
B2Hawaiian creates new words through compounding: hale + kūʻai = hale kūʻai (store), wai + honua = waihona (repository). Reduplication adds intensity or plurality: nani → naninani (very beautiful).
CatalanCombinacions Avançades de Pronoms Febles
C1Complex pronoun combinations and their written forms: me la, te'ls, ens ho, els hi, se'ls. Includes reductions and the full apostrophe/hyphen rules for written Catalan.

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