Passive Voice

31 لغة

B1Passive formed with ser + past participle (agrees with subject). Agent introduced by por. Often replaced by passive se (se habla español) or active voice in Spanish.

الفرنسيةVoix Passive

B1Passive formed with être + past participle (agrees with subject). Agent introduced by par. Le livre est lu par les étudiants. Can be avoided with on.

الألمانيةPassiv im Präsens

B1Passive voice formed with werden + past participle. Agent with von + dative.

الإيطاليةForma Passiva

B2Passive formed with essere + past participle (agreeing with subject). Agent introduced by da. Alternative with venire (action) or andare (obligation). All tenses possible.

البرتغاليةVoz Passiva

B1Passive formed with ser + past participle (agrees with subject). Agent introduced by por. Also passive se construction: fala-se português.

اليابانية受身形

B1Passive formation: godan changes -u to -a + れる, ichidan adds -られる. Used for actions received, often with nuance of being affected (adversely). Agent marked by に.

الصينية被字句

A2Passive with 被: subject + 被 (+ agent) + verb. Often implies negative outcome. Agent optional. 叫/让 also used for passive/causative.

الكورية피동

B1Passive formation: suffix -이/히/리/기 or -아/어지다. Not all verbs have passive forms. Agent marked with 에게/한테 (by). Focus on result/state.

العربيةالمبني للمجهول

B1Internal passive formed by vowel changes: فُعِلَ (past), يُفْعَلُ (present). Agent is not mentioned. Subject becomes grammatical subject in nominative.

الهنديةकर्मवाच्य

B1Passive formed with verb stem + आ/ई/ए जाना. Agent marked with से/द्वारा/के द्वारा. Often used for impersonal statements.

الروسيةСтрадательный залог

B1Passive constructions: reflexive verbs (-ся), short passive participles (построен, написан). Agent marked with instrumental. Imperfective vs. perfective passive.

الهولنديةLijdende Vorm

B1Passive formed with 'worden' (action) or 'zijn' (state/result) + past participle. Agent introduced by 'door'. Word order: subject + worden/zijn + other elements + participle.

التركيةEdilgen Çatı

B1Passive formed with -il/-ıl/-ul/-ül (after consonants) or -n (after vowels). Used more than in English, especially for impersonal statements.

البولنديةStrona Bierna

B1Passive with być + passive participle (-ny/-ty/-ony). Impersonal passive with -no/-to for unspecified agent.

الفنلنديةPassiivi

B1Impersonal passive (-taan/-tään): puhutaan (one speaks/is spoken). Very common in Finnish, used for general statements and 'we'.

اليونانيةΠαθητική Φωνή

B1Passive/mediopassive endings: -μαι, -σαι, -ται, -μαστε, -στε, -νται. Many verbs are deponent (passive form, active meaning).

التشيكيةTrpný Rod

B1Passive with být + passive participle (-n/-t). Reflexive passive with 'se' for general statements.

الرومانيةDiateza Pasivă

B1Passive with 'a fi' + past participle or reflexive passive with 'se'. Agent introduced with 'de (către)'.

العبريةסביל

B1Passive expressed through Nif'al and Pu'al patterns. Also analytical passive with auxiliary: הספר נכתב / הספר היה כתוב.

التايلانديةกรรมวาจก

B1Passive with ถูก [thùuk] (for adverse events) or โดน [doon] (colloquial). ได้รับ [dâi ráp] for positive/neutral passive.

الفيتناميةBị Động

B1Passive with bị (for adverse events) or được (positive/neutral). bị đánh (was hit), được chọn (was selected).

الأوكرانيةПасивний Стан

B1Passive with бути + passive participle (-ний/-тий). Impersonal passive with -но/-то for unspecified agent.

السواحليةKauli ya Kutendwa

B1Passive formed by adding -w- before the final vowel: penda → pendwa (be loved), soma → somwa (be read). Bantu vowel harmony applies: -iw-/-ew-/-liw-/-lew-.

الفارسيةفعل مجهول

B2Formed with past participle + شدن shodan (to become) conjugated for tense. ساخته شد sākhte shod (was built). Agent optionally marked with توسط tavasot-e (by). Less common than active in speech.

الأورديةمجہول

B2Formed with verb stem + ا/ی/ے + جانا (to go) conjugated for tense. Agent marked with سے se or کے ذریعے ke zarī'e (by means of). Passive often implies inability or adversity.

اليوروباÌṣe Aìníṣe (Ní...sí)

B1Yoruba does not have a morphological passive voice like European languages. Passive-like meaning is achieved through focus constructions, impersonal subjects, or using wọ́n (they/one) as an indefinite agent.

الويلزيةY Goddefol

B2Full passive constructions using 'cael' (to get/receive): Ces i fy ngweld (I was seen, lit. 'I got my seeing'). Combines 'cael' conjugated + possessive + verb-noun.

الماوريةHanga Whakaheke

B1Passive is very important in Māori, often preferred over active. Formed by adding suffixes to the verb: -tia, -a, -hia, -ina, -na, -ria. Agent marked with 'e': 'I patua te kurī e Hēmi.'

الكَنْتُونية俾字句

A2俾 bei2 has multiple functions: 'give' as main verb, passive marker (被 in written Chinese), and causative. Passive: Subject + 俾 + agent + verb. Often carries negative connotation.

الكتالانيةVeu Passiva

B2Passive with ser + past participle (agreeing): El llibre va ser escrit per ella. Also impersonal constructions with 'es/hom': Es parla català aquí. Reflexive passive: Es venen pisos.

الإنجليزيةPassive Voice

B1Be + past participle. Focus on action/recipient, not doer. Agent with 'by' (often omitted). All tenses possible: is made, was made, will be made, has been made.

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