Simple Past Tense

4 talen

Hindiसामान्य भूतकाल
A2Past tense using verb stem + ा/ी/े/ीं (gender/number agreement). Transitive verbs use ergative construction with ने on the subject.
Perzischماضی ساده
A2Formed with past stem + personal endings (-م, -ی, null, -یم, -ید, -ند). Past stem often differs from present stem. Regular: خواندم khāndam (I read). Negated with ن prefix: نخواندم.
Urduماضی مطلق
A2Formed with verb stem + ا/ی/ے/یں (gender/number agreement). Uses split-ergativity: transitive verbs take نے ne with the subject, and verb agrees with object. میں نے کتاب پڑھی (I read a book).
BaskischLehenaldia
A2Past tense formed with the past forms of auxiliaries: nintzen (I was), nuen (I had it). Main verb stays in base form; the auxiliary carries the tense.

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