Negation

32 lingue

A1Negation with 'não' before the verb. Double negatives are standard: não...nada, não...ninguém, não...nunca. Unlike Spanish, single negative word after verb doesn't negate alone.

cinese否定词

A1Two negation words: 不 (bù) for habits, states, future; 没(有) (méi) for past actions and 有. 不 changes to bú before 4th tone.

coreano부정문

A1Two negation patterns: 안 + verb (won't/don't, choice) and 못 + verb (can't, inability). Also long form: -지 않다, -지 못하다. 없다 for 'not exist'.

araboنفي الفعل

A1Negation patterns: ما + past (didn't), لا + present (don't/won't), لن + present (will not), لم + jussive (didn't). Each has specific usage.

hindiनिषेध

A1Basic negation with नहीं (not) placed before the verb. मत is used for negative commands. न is more formal/literary.

russoОтрицание

A1Negation with не before verbs and other words. Double/multiple negation is standard in Russian. Нет for 'no' and 'there is no'. Genitive after negation.

olandeseOntkenning

A1Negation with 'niet' (not) and 'geen' (no/not a). Use 'geen' before indefinite nouns (een → geen). Use 'niet' with definite nouns, adjectives, verbs. 'Niet' usually goes late in the sentence.

svedeseNegation med Inte

A1Negation with 'inte' (not) placed after the verb in main clauses, before the verb in subordinate clauses.

turcoOlumsuzluk

A1Verbs are negated with -me/-ma before the tense suffix. Değil negates noun/adjective predicates. Yok negates existence.

polaccoPrzeczenie

A1Negation with 'nie' before verb. Accusative becomes genitive after negation. Double/multiple negation is standard.

finlandeseKielto

A1Negation with auxiliary 'ei' conjugated + verb stem: en puhu, et puhu, ei puhu, emme puhu, ette puhu, eivät puhu.

grecoΆρνηση

A1Negation with δεν (don't/doesn't) before verb. Past/future: δεν. Subjunctive: μην. Double negation possible.

cecoZápor

A1Negation with 'ne-' prefix on verb: nemluvím, nejsem. Double negation is standard: nikdo nic neví (nobody knows nothing).

rumenoNegația cu Nu

A1Negation with 'nu' placed before the verb. Double negation is standard: 'nu...nimic' (not...nothing), 'nu...niciodată' (not...never).

unghereseAlapvető Tagadás

A1Negation with nem (not) before verb. Negative words: senki (nobody), semmi (nothing), sehol (nowhere). Multiple negation is standard.

ebraicoשלילה

A1Negation with לא before verb or adjective. Present: אני לא כותב. Past: לא כתבתי. אין for 'don't have' and negative existence.

thailandeseการปฏิเสธ

A1Negation with ไม่ [mâi] before verb/adjective. ไม่ใช่ [mâi châi] for 'is not' with nouns. ยัง...ไม่ [yang...mâi] = 'not yet'.

vietnamitaPhủ Định

A1Negation with không before verb/adjective. không phải for 'is not' with nouns. chưa = 'not yet'. Also: chẳng, đừng (don't-imperative).

indonesianoNegasi

A1Negation: tidak (for verbs/adjectives), bukan (for nouns/pronouns). Belum = 'not yet'. Jangan = 'don't' (imperative).

ucrainoЗаперечення

A1Negation with не before verb. Accusative becomes genitive after negation. Double/multiple negation is standard: ніхто нічого не знає.

swahiliUkanushi (Ha-/-i)

A1Negation uses the prefix ha- combined with modified subject prefixes: si- (I don't), hu- (you don't), ha- (he/she doesn't), hatu- (we don't). Present negative also adds -i ending.

persianoنفی با «ن»

A1Verbs are negated by adding the prefix ن (ne- before present stems, na- before past stems). نیست nist negates است. Stress shifts to the negation prefix.

filippinoPagtanggi (Hindi/Wala/Huwag)

A1Three negation words: hindi (negates adjectives and verbs), wala (negates existence/possession), huwag (negative command). Each has distinct grammatical roles.

yorubaÀìgbà (Kò/Kì/Má)

A1Main negation markers: kò (general negation before verbs), kì (habitual negation), má (negative imperative, 'don't'). Kò changes the tone pattern of the following verb.

bascoEzezko Esaldiak

A1Negation in Basque is formed with 'ez' placed before the auxiliary verb. In negative sentences the auxiliary moves before the main verb: 'Ez dut nahi' (I don't want).

maoriWhakakāhore

A1Negation varies by tense: 'kāore...i' (past negative), 'e kore...e' (future negative), 'kāore...e...ana' (present negative). 'Kaua' for negative commands.

hawaianoʻAʻole

A1Negation uses 'ʻaʻole' (not) before the predicate. For commands: 'mai' (don't). ʻAʻohe means 'there is no/none'. Negative existential: 'ʻaʻohe' + noun.

cantonese基本否定

A1Two main negation words: 唔 m4 (general negation before verbs/adjectives) and 冇 mou5 (negation of 有, also for completed actions). 未 mei6 negates completion ('not yet').

catalanoNegació i Interrogació

A1Negation with 'no' before the verb. Questions formed by intonation or inversion. Double negatives required: no...res (nothing), no...mai (never), no...ningú (nobody), no...cap (no/none).

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