Collocations
Collocaties
Collocations in Dutch
Overview
Collocations are words that naturally go together in a language. In English, you "make a decision" rather than "take a decision" (though both exist), and you "do your homework" rather than "make your homework." Dutch has its own collocations that often do not match their English equivalents, and knowing them is what separates a C1 speaker from someone who is merely translating.
At the C1 level, collocational accuracy is one of the most telling markers of fluency. A learner might say een beslissing maken (literally "make a decision"), but a native speaker says een beslissing nemen (literally "take a decision"). Both are understandable, but only the second sounds natural. These combinations are not random -- they are conventionalized through centuries of use -- but they are also not predictable from rules.
Collocations cover verb-noun pairs, adjective-noun pairs, and adverb-adjective pairs. This concept focuses primarily on verb-noun collocations, which are the most challenging and the most important for producing natural Dutch.
How It Works
Verb-Noun Collocations
The most critical category. Dutch often uses a different verb than English for the same noun.
With Nemen (take)
| Dutch | English | NOT |
|---|---|---|
| een beslissing nemen | make a decision | |
| een bad nemen | take a bath | (same as English) |
| afscheid nemen | say goodbye | |
| maatregelen nemen | take measures | (same as English) |
| een risico nemen | take a risk | (same as English) |
| wraak nemen | take revenge | (same as English) |
| ontslag nemen | resign |
With Treffen (to hit/strike)
| Dutch | English | NOT |
|---|---|---|
| maatregelen treffen | take measures (formal) | |
| voorbereidingen treffen | make preparations | |
| een regeling treffen | make an arrangement | |
| schuld treffen | to be at fault | -- |
With Doen/Maken/Geven
| Dutch collocation | English | Note |
|---|---|---|
| een poging doen/wagen | make an attempt | doen or wagen, not maken |
| moeite doen | make an effort | not moeite maken |
| een voorstel doen | make a proposal | not een voorstel maken |
| huiswerk maken | do homework | not huiswerk doen |
| een fout maken | make a mistake | (same as English) |
| een afspraak maken | make an appointment | (same as English) |
| les geven | teach (give a lesson) | not les maken |
| toestemming geven | give permission | (same as English) |
| aandacht besteden aan | pay attention to | besteden, not betalen |
| kritiek leveren op | criticize | leveren, not geven |
With Voeren/Houden/Stellen
| Dutch collocation | English | Note |
|---|---|---|
| een gesprek voeren | have a conversation | voeren = to conduct |
| campagne voeren | campaign | not campagne maken |
| beleid voeren | conduct policy | -- |
| een toespraak houden | give a speech | houden = to hold |
| rekening houden met | take into account | not rekening nemen |
| een vraag stellen | ask a question | stellen = to pose |
| eisen stellen | set requirements | not eisen maken |
| een diagnose stellen | make a diagnosis | -- |
Adjective-Noun Collocations
Some adjectives naturally pair with specific nouns.
| Dutch | English | Note |
|---|---|---|
| hevige regen | heavy rain | not zware regen |
| zware kritiek | heavy criticism | not hevige kritiek |
| groot belang | great importance | not hoog belang |
| hoge nood | urgent need | not grote nood |
| diepe indruk | deep impression | same as English |
| scherpe kritiek | sharp criticism | same as English |
| bitter koud | bitterly cold | same as English |
| sterk vermoeden | strong suspicion | not groot vermoeden |
Adverb-Verb/Adjective Collocations
| Dutch | English |
|---|---|
| ten zeerste aanbevelen | highly recommend |
| stellig beweren | firmly assert |
| ernstig betwijfelen | seriously doubt |
| hartelijk bedanken | warmly thank |
| dringend verzoeken | urgently request |
| diep teleurgesteld | deeply disappointed |
| volstrekt onmogelijk | absolutely impossible |
Common Collocational Fields
Certain areas of Dutch life have dense collocational networks:
Business/Work:
| Dutch | English |
|---|---|
| een vergadering beleggen | call/schedule a meeting |
| een contract sluiten | close/sign a contract |
| ontslag indienen | hand in one's resignation |
| een sollicitatie indienen | submit an application |
| winst boeken | record a profit |
Health:
| Dutch | English |
|---|---|
| een recept uitschrijven | write a prescription |
| een diagnose stellen | make a diagnosis |
| medicijnen voorschrijven | prescribe medicine |
| klachten indienen | file complaints |
Examples in Context
| Dutch | English | Note |
|---|---|---|
| We moeten een beslissing nemen. | We need to make a decision. | nemen, not maken |
| Zij heeft maatregelen getroffen. | She has taken measures. | treffen for formal contexts |
| Hij leverde scherpe kritiek op het plan. | He sharply criticized the plan. | kritiek leveren op |
| Een poging wagen kan geen kwaad. | Making an attempt can't hurt. | poging wagen |
| Wij moeten rekening houden met de kosten. | We need to take the costs into account. | rekening houden met |
| De minister voert een nieuw beleid. | The minister is implementing new policy. | beleid voeren |
| Mag ik een vraag stellen? | May I ask a question? | vraag stellen |
| Ze had een diepe indruk op mij gemaakt. | She had made a deep impression on me. | diepe indruk maken |
| De dokter schreef een recept uit. | The doctor wrote a prescription. | recept uitschrijven |
| Hij nam afscheid van zijn collega's. | He said goodbye to his colleagues. | afscheid nemen |
| We moeten voorbereidingen treffen. | We need to make preparations. | voorbereidingen treffen |
| Ik besteed veel aandacht aan details. | I pay a lot of attention to details. | aandacht besteden aan |
| De directeur belegde een spoedvergadering. | The director called an emergency meeting. | vergadering beleggen |
Common Mistakes
Using Maken for Everything
- Wrong: een beslissing maken, een poging maken, een gesprek maken
- Right: een beslissing nemen, een poging doen, een gesprek voeren
- Why: English "make" is a very general verb, but Dutch distributes its functions across maken, nemen, doen, voeren, treffen, and others. Each noun has its own preferred verb partner.
Translating "Give" as Geven for Everything
- Wrong: kritiek geven, een toespraak geven
- Right: kritiek leveren, een toespraak houden
- Why: Dutch uses leveren (deliver), houden (hold), and other verbs where English uses "give." Only some "give" expressions translate directly to geven.
Confusing Ontslag Nemen and Ontslag Geven
- Wrong: Hij heeft ontslag genomen (meaning "He fired someone")
- Right: Hij heeft ontslag genomen = He resigned. Hij heeft ontslag gekregen/gegeven = He was fired/He fired someone.
- Why: Ontslag nemen means to resign (you take your own leave). Ontslag geven means to fire someone (you give them their dismissal). The direction matters.
Mixing Up Zwaar and Hevig
- Wrong: zware regen, hevige kritiek
- Right: hevige regen, zware kritiek
- Why: These intensity adjectives are not interchangeable. Hevig goes with weather and physical phenomena; zwaar goes with abstract and figurative heaviness.
Ignoring Collocations in Formal Writing
- Wrong: Using informal or non-standard verb-noun combinations in professional texts
- Right: Using the established collocations: maatregelen treffen (not nemen) in formal contexts
- Why: In formal Dutch, collocational accuracy signals professionalism and command of the language. Informal alternatives are acceptable in speech but not in reports or official documents.
Usage Notes
Collocations are largely consistent between the Netherlands and Belgium, but there are some regional preferences. Belgian Dutch may prefer een vergadering houden where Netherlands Dutch uses een vergadering beleggen. In general, the core collocations listed above are understood and used throughout the Dutch-speaking world.
Academic and journalistic Dutch relies heavily on collocations. These fixed combinations allow writers to express complex ideas efficiently and precisely. Learning collocations in these registers is particularly important for anyone studying or working in a Dutch-language environment.
Dutch collocations are challenging because they are arbitrary from a learner's perspective. There is no rule that explains why it is kritiek leveren and not kritiek geven. The only effective strategy is exposure and memorization, treating each collocation as a unit rather than trying to predict it from its parts.
Corpus tools like the Woordenboek der Nederlandse Taal (WNT) online and the Algemeen Nederlands Woordenboek (ANW) can help you verify collocations. When in doubt about which verb goes with a noun, look it up.
Practice Tips
- Keep a dedicated "collocations notebook" where you record verb-noun pairs as you encounter them. Write the full collocation, not just the verb or noun separately. Review this notebook weekly.
- When you learn a new noun, immediately look up its most common verb partners. Write three example sentences using the correct collocation. This embeds the combination in memory.
- Read Dutch newspaper articles and underline every verb-noun combination. Check whether you would have used the same verb. When you would have chosen differently, note the correct collocation and practice it.
Related Concepts
- Prerequisite: Prepositional Expressions -- fixed preposition combinations with verbs, adjectives, and nouns
Prerequisite
Prepositional ExpressionsB2More C1 concepts
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