Requests ください in Japanese
依頼表現(ください)
Overview
Making polite requests is one of the most practical skills you can learn early in Japanese. The word ください (kudasai) means "please give" or "please do" and is the foundation of polite request-making at CEFR A1. You will use it constantly -- in shops, restaurants, classrooms, and everyday conversation.
There are two main patterns with ください. The first is using it directly with a noun to ask for something (like "water, please"). The second combines ください with the て-form of a verb to ask someone to do something (like "please wait"). Both are polite and appropriate in most everyday situations.
While ください is polite enough for daily interactions, it is worth knowing that it sits in the middle of the politeness spectrum. It is more polite than the plain imperative but less polite than more elaborate request forms you will encounter later. For A1 learners, ください is the right tool for the job in nearly all situations.
How It Works
Pattern 1: Noun + を + ください
Use this to ask for something -- to request an item or object.
[Noun] を ください
| Japanese | Reading | English |
|---|---|---|
| 水をください。 | mizu o kudasai | Water, please. |
| メニューをください。 | menyuu o kudasai | The menu, please. |
| これをください。 | kore o kudasai | This one, please. |
| 切符を二枚ください。 | kippu o nimai kudasai | Two tickets, please. |
The を particle is sometimes dropped in casual speech: 水ください。
Pattern 2: て-form + ください
Use this to ask someone to perform an action.
[Verb て-form] + ください
| Japanese | Reading | English |
|---|---|---|
| 待ってください。 | matte kudasai | Please wait. |
| 見てください。 | mite kudasai | Please look. |
| 教えてください。 | oshiete kudasai | Please teach/tell me. |
| 座ってください。 | suwatte kudasai | Please sit down. |
| 読んでください。 | yonde kudasai | Please read. |
Common て-forms for Requests
Since you need the て-form to make verb requests, here are the most common ones at A1 level:
| Dictionary form | て-form | Request | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 待つ (matsu) | 待って | 待ってください | Please wait |
| 書く (kaku) | 書いて | 書いてください | Please write |
| 言う (iu) | 言って | 言ってください | Please say |
| 来る (kuru) | 来て | 来てください | Please come |
| する (suru) | して | してください | Please do |
| 見る (miru) | 見て | 見てください | Please look |
| 食べる (taberu) | 食べて | 食べてください | Please eat |
Negative Requests: ~ないでください
To ask someone NOT to do something, use the ない-form + でください:
[Verb ない-form] + で + ください
| Japanese | Reading | English |
|---|---|---|
| 触らないでください。 | sawaranaide kudasai | Please don't touch. |
| 心配しないでください。 | shinpai shinaide kudasai | Please don't worry. |
Examples in Context
| Japanese | English | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 水をください。(mizu o kudasai) | Water, please. | Noun + をください |
| 待ってください。(matte kudasai) | Please wait. | て-form + ください |
| もう一度言ってください。(mou ichido itte kudasai) | Please say it again. | Useful classroom phrase |
| ここに名前を書いてください。(koko ni namae o kaite kudasai) | Please write your name here. | Location に + action |
| すみません、写真を撮ってください。(sumimasen, shashin o totte kudasai) | Excuse me, please take a photo. | Common tourist request |
| ゆっくり話してください。(yukkuri hanashite kudasai) | Please speak slowly. | With adverb |
| ビールを二つください。(biiru o futatsu kudasai) | Two beers, please. | With counter |
| 日本語で言ってください。(nihongo de itte kudasai) | Please say it in Japanese. | With で for means |
| ちょっと待ってください。(chotto matte kudasai) | Please wait a moment. | Very common phrase |
| 静かにしてください。(shizuka ni shite kudasai) | Please be quiet. | な-adj adverb + する |
| ドアを閉めてください。(doa o shimete kudasai) | Please close the door. | Object + action request |
| この漢字を読んでください。(kono kanji o yonde kudasai) | Please read this kanji. | Classroom phrase |
Common Mistakes
Forgetting the て-form and using ます-form
- Wrong: 待ちますください。
- Right: 待ってください。
- Why: ください attaches to the て-form of the verb, not the ます-form. You must conjugate the verb to its て-form first.
Using ください alone as "please" for actions
- Wrong: ください静かに。
- Right: 静かにしてください。
- Why: Unlike English "please," ください cannot be placed freely in a sentence. For actions, it must follow a て-form verb. For "be quiet," use する (to do) in て-form: してください.
Confusing を ください with て ください
- Wrong: 水を飲んでください。 (when you just want water)
- Right: 水をください。
- Why: 水をください means "water, please" (give me water). 水を飲んでください means "please drink the water" (asking someone else to drink). Choose the right pattern for your meaning.
Omitting ください in formal situations
- Wrong: ここに書いて。 (too casual for strangers)
- Right: ここに書いてください。
- Why: Dropping ください makes the request casual and can sound rude to people you do not know well. Always include it in polite conversation.
Practice Tips
Memorize five essential ください phrases. Start with: 待ってください, もう一度言ってください, ゆっくり話してください, 書いてください, and 教えてください. These will cover most classroom and travel situations.
Practice in real scenarios. Role-play ordering at a restaurant (これをください, お水をください) or asking for help (すみません、写真を撮ってください). Connecting grammar to real situations helps it stick.
Build requests step by step. Start with the noun/verb, add the correct form, then add ください. Example: 書く → 書いて → 書いてください → ここに名前を書いてください. Gradually build longer, more specific requests.
Related Concepts
- Prerequisite: Basic Particles は/が/を/に -- particles are needed to build full request sentences
Prerequisite
Basic Particles は/が/を/に in JapaneseA1More A1 concepts
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