Passato prossimo

9 lingue

spagnoloPretérito Perfecto

A2Compound past tense with haber (he, has, ha, hemos, habéis, han) + past participle (-ado/-ido). For past actions with present relevance. More common in Spain than Latin America.

francesePassé Composé

A2Compound past tense with auxiliary (avoir or être) + past participle. Most verbs use avoir. DR MRS VANDERTRAMP verbs and reflexives use être (participle agrees with subject).

italianoPassato Prossimo

A2Compound past tense formed with auxiliary verb (avere or essere) plus past participle. Verbs of motion and reflexive verbs use essere and require participle agreement.

portoghesePretérito Perfeito Simples

A2Simple past for completed actions. Regular endings: -AR (-ei, -aste, -ou, -ámos, -astes, -aram), -ER/-IR (-i, -este, -eu/-iu, -emos/-imos, -estes/-istes, -eram/-iram).

olandeseVoltooid Tegenwoordige Tijd

A2Perfect tense formed with hebben/zijn + past participle. Regular participles: ge- + stem + -t/-d (t-kofschip rule). Many verbs use zijn (motion, change of state). Participle goes to end.

persianoماضی نقلی

A2Formed with past participle (past stem + ه -e) + بودن enclitic (am, i, ast, im, id, and). Indicates completed action with present relevance: رفته‌ام rafte-am (I have gone). Also used for reported/hearsay past.

urduحال مکمل

B1Formed with past participle (verb stem + ا/ی/ے) + ہونا present auxiliary. Follows ergative pattern for transitive verbs. میں نے کتاب پڑھی ہے (I have read the book).

catalanoPerfet d'Indicatiu

A2Compound past with haver + past participle: he cantat, has cantat, ha cantat... Used for recent past or present-relevant past. Past participle agrees with preceding direct object pronoun in formal register.

inglesePresent Perfect Simple

A2Present perfect (have/has + past participle) for life experiences, recent past with present relevance, unfinished time periods. With ever, never, just, already, yet.

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