Plural Formation

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SpaansFormación del Plural

A1Regular plural: add -s to vowels, -es to consonants. Words ending in -z change to -ces. Stress shifts may require accent changes (examen→exámenes).

FransFormation du Pluriel

A1Regular plural formation by adding -s (often silent). Special rules for words ending in -au/-eau (→-x), -al (→-aux), and irregular plurals like œil→yeux.

DuitsPluralbildung

A1Forming noun plurals: various patterns (-e, -en, -er, -s, umlaut changes, no change).

ItaliaansFormazione del Plurale

A1Regular and irregular plural formation. Masculine -o becomes -i, feminine -a becomes -e, with special rules for words ending in -e, -ca, -ga, -co, -go.

PortugeesFormação do Plural

A1Regular plural adds -s to vowels. Words ending in consonants add -es. Special: -ão→-ões/-ães/-ãos, -al/-el/-ol→-ais/-éis/-óis, -m→-ns.

RussischМножественное число существительных

A2Regular plurals: -ы/-и for nominative. Spelling rules (after к, г, х, ж, ш, щ, ч use -и). Irregular plurals (друг→друзья, ребёнок→дети). Stress shifts.

NederlandsMeervoudsvorming

A1Plurals formed with -en (most common: boek→boeken) or -s (words ending in -el, -em, -en, -er, -je: tafel→tafels). Spelling changes for vowel length. Irregular plurals: kind→kinderen, ei→eieren.

ZweedsPluralbildning

A1Five main plural patterns: -or (en flicka→flickor), -ar (en bil→bilar), -er (en student→studenter), -n (ett äpple→äpplen), zero (ett barn→barn).

PoolsLiczba Mnoga

A1Plural nominative varies by gender: masculine personal has special forms with consonant alternation. Non-personal plurals are simpler.

DeensFlertalsformer

A1Plural endings: -er (en bog→bøger), -e (en time→timer), zero (et barn→børn). Irregular plurals exist.

A1Plural endings: -er (en bil→biler), -er (ei jente→jenter), zero (et hus→hus). Irregular plurals exist (et barn→barn, en mann→menn).

A2Nominative plural: -t (talot). Other cases use plural stem with -i-: taloissa (in houses). Partitive plural: -ja/-jä or -a/-ä (taloja).

GrieksΠληθυντικός Αριθμός

A1Plural formation varies by gender/ending: -ος→-οι, -ης→-ες, -α→-ες, -η→-ες, -ο→-α, -ι→-ια, -μα→-ματα. Irregular plurals exist.

TsjechischMnožné Číslo

A1Plural nominative forms vary by gender and declension pattern. Masculine animate has special plural: muž→muži, student→studenti (consonant alternation).

RoemeensFormarea Pluralului

A2Complex plural patterns with vowel changes and various endings: -i (m), -e (f), -uri (n). Many irregular forms with internal vowel alternation.

HongaarsTöbbes Szám

A1Plural with -k suffix and linking vowel: ház→házak, szék→székek. After numbers, nouns stay singular. Irregular plurals exist.

Hebreeuwsריבוי

A1Masculine plural: -ים (ספר→ספרים). Feminine plural: -ות (מילה→מילות). Some exceptions exist (e.g., שולחן→שולחנות).

OekraïensМножина

A1Plural nominative varies by gender and declension: M: -и/-і, F: -и/-і, N: -а/-я. Some irregular: людина→люди, дитина→діти.

FilipijnsPananda ng Maramihan (Mga)

A1The plural marker 'mga' (pronounced 'manga') placed before nouns to indicate plurality. Tagalog nouns do not change form; only the marker mga is added.

A2Irish plurals use various patterns: slenderization (fear→fir), suffixes (-a, -í, -anna, -acha, -ta), or irregular forms. Plural affects adjective agreement and article usage.

WelshFfurfiau Lluosog

A1Welsh plurals are formed in many ways: suffixes (-au, -iau, -oedd, -i, -od), vowel changes, or both. Some nouns use a singulative (-yn, -en) from a collective base form.

CatalaansGènere i Nombre dels Noms

A1Nouns are masculine or feminine. Masculine often ends in consonant or -e, feminine in -a. Plurals add -s (after vowel) or -os/-es (after consonant). Some irregulars exist.

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