Экзистенциальные конструкции

12 языков

испанскийHay
A1Impersonal form 'hay' for existence ('there is/are'). Invariable for singular and plural. Negative: no hay. Question: ¿Hay...?
французскийIl y a
A1Expression 'il y a' for 'there is/there are' (invariable). Negative: il n'y a pas de. Question: Est-ce qu'il y a...? / Y a-t-il...?
немецкийEs gibt
A1The construction 'es gibt' + accusative to express existence or availability.
итальянскийC'è e Ci sono
A1Expressions for 'there is' (c'è) and 'there are' (ci sono) to indicate existence or presence. Question form: C'è...? Ci sono...?
португальскийHá Existencial
A1Impersonal 'há' for existence ('there is/there are'). Also for time expressions (há dois anos = two years ago / for two years). Invariable form.
нидерландскийEr (Inleidend)
A1Basic use of 'er' as introductory subject, like English 'there': Er is/zijn (there is/are). Used when the real subject is indefinite and comes after the verb.
польскийKonstrukcje Egzystencjalne
A1Expressing existence: jest/są (there is/are), nie ma + genitive (there isn't/aren't). Location with prepositions.
греческийΥπάρχει / Υπάρχουν
A1υπάρχει (there is) / υπάρχουν (there are). Used for existence and availability. Different from είναι for descriptions.
чешскийExistenční Konstrukce
A1Expressing existence: je/jsou (there is/are), není/nejsou (there isn't/aren't). With prepositions for location.
румынскийConstrucții Existențiale
A1Expressing existence with 'este/sunt' (there is/are), 'există' (exists). Questions with 'este/sunt...?'.
венгерскийLétezést Kifejező Szerkezetek
A1Expressing existence: van/vannak (there is/are), nincs/nincsenek (there isn't/aren't). Van is NOT dropped in existential meaning.
украинскийКонструкції Існування
A1Expressing existence: є (there is/are), немає + genitive (there isn't/aren't). Location with prepositions.

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