Literary Past and Narrative Tenses

ماضی ادبی و روایی

About this concept

The narrative past (ماضی نقلی بعید) formed with past participle + بوده + enclitic: رفته بوده‌ام. Used in literary narration and formal writing. Creates distance or hearsay effect.

In Settemila Lingue, this concept generates a practice deck of ~35 cards at level C1.

Examples

گویا آمده بوده است.Apparently he/she had come. (reported pluperfect)

در آن زمان، شاه حکومت می‌کرده.At that time, the king was ruling. (narrative)

شنیده‌ام که رفته بوده.I've heard that he/she had gone.

روزگاری مردی بوده است.Once upon a time, there was a man.

Prerequisite

Past Perfect (Pluperfect)B1

More C1 concepts

Word Formation and Derivationواژه‌سازی و اشتقاق Formal Written Registerزبان رسمی و نوشتاری Idiomatic and Proverbial Expressionsاصطلاحات و ضرب‌المثل‌ها Participles and Verbal Nounsوجه وصفی و اسم مصدر News and Media Registerزبان رسانه و خبر

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