B1

Ordinal Numbers and Dates in Polish

Liczebniki Porządkowe i Daty

Overview

Ordinal numbers (pierwszy, drugi, trzeci...) function as adjectives in Polish, meaning they decline for gender, number, and case. At the B1 level, ordinals are essential for dates, rankings, floor numbers, centuries, and formal time expressions. Polish dates use a specific format with genitive case for the day and month.

The date format follows the pattern: ordinal day (genitive) + month name (genitive) + year (genitive). This differs significantly from English and requires comfort with genitive forms. Ordinals through tenth have unique forms that must be memorized; beyond tenth, they are formed regularly.

How It Works

Ordinal numbers 1st-10th

Number Masculine Feminine Neuter
1st pierwszy pierwsza pierwsze
2nd drugi druga drugie
3rd trzeci trzecia trzecie
4th czwarty czwarta czwarte
5th piąty piąta piąte
6th szósty szósta szóste
7th siódmy siódma siódme
8th ósmy ósma ósme
9th dziewiąty dziewiąta dziewiąte
10th dziesiąty dziesiąta dziesiąte

Date format

Dziś jest + ordinal (nominative masculine) + month (genitive).

  • Dziś jest pierwszy marca. (Today is March 1st.)
  • Piątego stycznia (On January 5th -- genitive for specific date)

Examples in Context

Polish English Note
pierwszy, drugi, trzeci first, second, third Basic ordinals
Dziś jest pierwszy marca. Today is March 1st. Date, nominative
w dziewiętnastym wieku in the nineteenth century Locative
po trzeciej godzinie after three o'clock Genitive
piątego stycznia on January 5th Genitive for dates
na trzecim piętrze on the third floor Locative
drugi raz second time Masculine nominative
w pierwszej kolejności first of all Feminine locative
dwudziesty pierwszy twenty-first Compound ordinal
Urodziłem się trzeciego maja. I was born on May 3rd. Date with genitive

Common Mistakes

Not declining ordinals

  • Wrong: na pierwszy piętro
  • Right: na pierwszym piętrze
  • Why: Ordinals are adjectives and must agree in gender, number, and case with the noun.

Wrong case for dates

  • Wrong: Przyjadę pierwszy maj.
  • Right: Przyjadę pierwszego maja.
  • Why: Specific dates use the genitive case: ordinal in genitive + month in genitive.

Confusing cardinal and ordinal for dates

  • Wrong: Dziś jest jeden marca.
  • Right: Dziś jest pierwszy marca.
  • Why: Dates use ordinal numbers, not cardinal.

Usage Notes

In formal writing, dates may be written as numbers: 1.03.2024 or 1 marca 2024 r. The abbreviation r. stands for roku (of the year). In speech, both the "today is" format (nominative) and the "on the date" format (genitive) are common.

Practice Tips

  1. Practice saying dates: your birthday, today's date, holidays. Always use ordinals in the correct case.
  2. Describe locations using ordinals: na drugim piętrze, w trzecim pokoju, przy pierwszym stole.
  3. Learn compound ordinals for larger numbers: dwudziesty, trzydziesty, czterdziesty.

Related Concepts

Prerequisite

Numbers and Time in PolishA1

More B1 concepts

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