関係節

35言語

スペイン語Pronombres Relativos: que, quien
A2Basic relative pronouns: que (who/which/that - most common), quien/quienes (who - for people, after prepositions). Que is invariable; quien has plural.
フランス語Pronoms Relatifs: qui, que
A2Basic relative pronouns: qui (subject - who/which/that), que/qu' (direct object - whom/which/that). Qui is followed by verb, que by subject+verb.
ドイツ語Relativsätze
B1Relative clauses with der, die, das; relative pronoun matches antecedent gender, case from clause function.
イタリア語Pronomi Relativi
B1Connecting clauses: che (who/which/that - subject or direct object), cui (whom/which - after prepositions), il/la quale (formal alternative agreeing in gender/number).
ポルトガル語Pronomes Relativos: que, quem
A2Basic relative pronouns: que (who/which/that - most common), quem (who - for people, after prepositions). Que is invariable.
日本語関係節
A2Modifying nouns with verb/adjective clauses placed before the noun (no relative pronoun needed). Uses plain form. 昨日買った本 = 'the book that I bought yesterday'.
中国語定语从句
B1Modifying clause + 的 + noun (clause before noun, opposite of English): 我买的书 (the book that I bought), 说中文的人 (person who speaks Chinese).
アラビア語الجملة الموصولة
A2Relative pronouns: الذي/التي/الذين/اللواتي (who/which for definite nouns). Indefinite nouns use no pronoun. Resumptive pronoun often needed.
ヒンディー語संबंधवाचक सर्वनाम
B1Relative-correlative pairs: जो...वह (who/which...that), जहाँ...वहाँ (where...there), जब...तब (when...then), जैसा...वैसा (as...so).
ロシア語Относительные придаточные предложения
A2Relative pronouns: который (who/which/that) declines for gender, number, case based on its role in the clause. Also где (where), когда (when), что (that).
オランダ語Betrekkelijke Voornaamwoorden
A2Relative pronouns 'die' and 'dat'. Use 'die' for de-words and plurals; 'dat' for het-words. 'Wat' after indefinite antecedents (alles, niets, iets). Relative clauses have verb-final order.
スウェーデン語Relativsatser
B1Relative pronouns: som (who/which/that - most common), vars (whose), vilken/vilket/vilka (which - formal). 'Som' can be omitted when it's the object.
デンマーク語Relativsætninger
B1Relative pronouns 'som/der' (who/which/that). 'Som' can be omitted when it's the object. 'Hvis' for whose.
ノルウェー語Relativsetninger
B1Relative pronoun 'som' (who/which/that) for all genders. 'Som' can be omitted when it's the object. 'Hvis' for whose.
フィンランド語Relatiivilauseet
B1Relative pronoun joka (who/which) declines for case: mies, joka asuu (man who lives), mies, jonka tunnen (man whom I know).
ギリシャ語Αναφορικές Προτάσεις
B1Relative pronoun που (who/which/that) is invariable. Formal: ο οποίος/η οποία/το οποίο (declines).
ルーマニア語Propozițiile Relative
B1Relative pronouns: care (who/which), ce (what/which), pe care (whom), căruia/căreia (to whom). 'Care' declines for case.
ハンガリー語Vonatkozó Mellékmondatok
B1Relative pronouns: aki (who, for people), ami (which, for things), ahol (where), amikor (when). Correlative pronouns in main clause.
ヘブライ語משפטי זיקה מתקדמים
B2Advanced relatives: ש- with resumptive pronouns, אשר (formal 'that/which'), מי ש- (whoever), מה ש- (whatever).
タイ語อนุประโยคคุณศัพท์
B1Relative clauses with ที่ [thîi] (who/which/that): คนที่มา (the person who came), หนังสือที่อ่าน (the book that I read).
ベトナム語Mệnh Đề Quan Hệ
B1Relative clauses with mà (which/that) or omitted: người đến (the person who came), sách (mà) tôi đọc (the book that I read).
インドネシア語Klausa Relatif
B1Relative clauses with yang (who/which/that): orang yang datang (the person who came), buku yang saya baca (the book I read).
スワヒリ語Sentensi Rejeshi
B1Relative clauses formed with relative markers infixed in the verb or using amba- + relative pronoun. The relative marker agrees with the noun class: -ye- (class 1), -cho- (class 7), -yo- (class 9).
ペルシア語جمله‌های موصولی
B1Relative clauses use که ke (that/which/who). The relative clause follows the noun: مردی که آمد (the man who came). Pronoun resumption common in spoken Persian.
フィリピノ語Mga Sugnay na Panuring na May Na/-Ng
B1Relative clauses are formed using the linker na/-ng, the same particle used for adjective-noun connection. The relative clause modifies the head noun directly.
ウルドゥー語موصول جملے
B2Correlative relative clauses: جو jo (who/which/that) in the relative clause, وہ voh in the main clause. جو لڑکا آیا وہ میرا دوست ہے (The boy who came is my friend). Relative clause can precede or follow.
ヨルバ語Gbólóhùn Ọ̀rọ̀ Àpèjúwe (Tí)
B1Relative clauses are introduced by tí (that/which/who): ọkùnrin tí mo rí (the man that I saw). Tí can be omitted in casual speech. The relativized noun appears before tí.
アイルランド語Clásail Choibhneasta Indíreacha
B2Indirect relative clauses use 'a' + eclipsis and a resumptive prepositional pronoun: an fear a bhfuil a mhac tinn (the man whose son is sick). More complex than direct relatives.
ウェールズ語Cymalau Perthynol Sylfaenol
A2Relative clauses using 'sy/sydd' (who/that is) for present tense descriptions. The relative pronoun replaces 'mae' in affirmative clauses.
バスク語Erlatibozko Perpausak
B1Relative clauses in Basque precede the noun and use the suffix '-n' on the verb: 'ikusi dudan gizona' (the man that I saw). No relative pronoun needed.
マオリ語Rerenga Piri
B1Relative clauses follow the noun and often use 'ai' as a resumptive particle. 'Te tangata i haere mai ai' (the person who came). Position and 'ai' mark the relativized element.
ハワイ語Kuhina
B1Relative clauses modify nouns. Hawaiian typically uses 'nāna i' or positional embedding. The modifying clause follows the noun it describes.
広東語關係子句
B1Relative clauses are formed by placing the modifying clause before the noun, linked by 嘅 ge3. The structure is [clause + 嘅 + noun], with the head noun always at the end.
カタロニア語Oracions de Relatiu Bàsiques
A2Relative clauses with 'que' (who/that/which): L'home que parla és el meu pare. Also 'on' (where) and 'quan' (when) for place and time relatives.
英語Basic Relative Clauses
A2Relative clauses give more information about nouns. Who for people, which for things, that for both. Defining clauses (no commas) identify the noun.

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