否定
32言語
スペイン語Negación Básica
A1Negation with 'no' before the verb. Double negatives are standard: no...nada, no...nadie, no...nunca. 'No' can also mean 'not' in answers.
フランス語Négation de Base
A1Basic negation with ne...pas surrounding the conjugated verb. Ne becomes n' before vowels. In spoken French, 'ne' is often dropped.
ドイツ語Verneinung mit nicht/kein
A1Negation using nicht (for verbs, adjectives, adverbs) and kein (for nouns with indefinite articles).
ポルトガル語Negação Básica
A1Negation with 'não' before the verb. Double negatives are standard: não...nada, não...ninguém, não...nunca. Unlike Spanish, single negative word after verb doesn't negate alone.
中国語否定词
A1Two negation words: 不 (bù) for habits, states, future; 没(有) (méi) for past actions and 有. 不 changes to bú before 4th tone.
韓国語부정문
A1Two negation patterns: 안 + verb (won't/don't, choice) and 못 + verb (can't, inability). Also long form: -지 않다, -지 못하다. 없다 for 'not exist'.
アラビア語نفي الفعل
A1Negation patterns: ما + past (didn't), لا + present (don't/won't), لن + present (will not), لم + jussive (didn't). Each has specific usage.
ヒンディー語निषेध
A1Basic negation with नहीं (not) placed before the verb. मत is used for negative commands. न is more formal/literary.
ロシア語Отрицание
A1Negation with не before verbs and other words. Double/multiple negation is standard in Russian. Нет for 'no' and 'there is no'. Genitive after negation.
オランダ語Ontkenning
A1Negation with 'niet' (not) and 'geen' (no/not a). Use 'geen' before indefinite nouns (een → geen). Use 'niet' with definite nouns, adjectives, verbs. 'Niet' usually goes late in the sentence.
スウェーデン語Negation med Inte
A1Negation with 'inte' (not) placed after the verb in main clauses, before the verb in subordinate clauses.
トルコ語Olumsuzluk
A1Verbs are negated with -me/-ma before the tense suffix. Değil negates noun/adjective predicates. Yok negates existence.
ポーランド語Przeczenie
A1Negation with 'nie' before verb. Accusative becomes genitive after negation. Double/multiple negation is standard.
フィンランド語Kielto
A1Negation with auxiliary 'ei' conjugated + verb stem: en puhu, et puhu, ei puhu, emme puhu, ette puhu, eivät puhu.
ギリシャ語Άρνηση
A1Negation with δεν (don't/doesn't) before verb. Past/future: δεν. Subjunctive: μην. Double negation possible.
チェコ語Zápor
A1Negation with 'ne-' prefix on verb: nemluvím, nejsem. Double negation is standard: nikdo nic neví (nobody knows nothing).
ルーマニア語Negația cu Nu
A1Negation with 'nu' placed before the verb. Double negation is standard: 'nu...nimic' (not...nothing), 'nu...niciodată' (not...never).
ハンガリー語Alapvető Tagadás
A1Negation with nem (not) before verb. Negative words: senki (nobody), semmi (nothing), sehol (nowhere). Multiple negation is standard.
ヘブライ語שלילה
A1Negation with לא before verb or adjective. Present: אני לא כותב. Past: לא כתבתי. אין for 'don't have' and negative existence.
タイ語การปฏิเสธ
A1Negation with ไม่ [mâi] before verb/adjective. ไม่ใช่ [mâi châi] for 'is not' with nouns. ยัง...ไม่ [yang...mâi] = 'not yet'.
ベトナム語Phủ Định
A1Negation with không before verb/adjective. không phải for 'is not' with nouns. chưa = 'not yet'. Also: chẳng, đừng (don't-imperative).
インドネシア語Negasi
A1Negation: tidak (for verbs/adjectives), bukan (for nouns/pronouns). Belum = 'not yet'. Jangan = 'don't' (imperative).
ウクライナ語Заперечення
A1Negation with не before verb. Accusative becomes genitive after negation. Double/multiple negation is standard: ніхто нічого не знає.
スワヒリ語Ukanushi (Ha-/-i)
A1Negation uses the prefix ha- combined with modified subject prefixes: si- (I don't), hu- (you don't), ha- (he/she doesn't), hatu- (we don't). Present negative also adds -i ending.
ペルシア語نفی با «ن»
A1Verbs are negated by adding the prefix ن (ne- before present stems, na- before past stems). نیست nist negates است. Stress shifts to the negation prefix.
フィリピノ語Pagtanggi (Hindi/Wala/Huwag)
A1Three negation words: hindi (negates adjectives and verbs), wala (negates existence/possession), huwag (negative command). Each has distinct grammatical roles.
ヨルバ語Àìgbà (Kò/Kì/Má)
A1Main negation markers: kò (general negation before verbs), kì (habitual negation), má (negative imperative, 'don't'). Kò changes the tone pattern of the following verb.
バスク語Ezezko Esaldiak
A1Negation in Basque is formed with 'ez' placed before the auxiliary verb. In negative sentences the auxiliary moves before the main verb: 'Ez dut nahi' (I don't want).
マオリ語Whakakāhore
A1Negation varies by tense: 'kāore...i' (past negative), 'e kore...e' (future negative), 'kāore...e...ana' (present negative). 'Kaua' for negative commands.
ハワイ語ʻAʻole
A1Negation uses 'ʻaʻole' (not) before the predicate. For commands: 'mai' (don't). ʻAʻohe means 'there is no/none'. Negative existential: 'ʻaʻohe' + noun.
広東語基本否定
A1Two main negation words: 唔 m4 (general negation before verbs/adjectives) and 冇 mou5 (negation of 有, also for completed actions). 未 mei6 negates completion ('not yet').
カタロニア語Negació i Interrogació
A1Negation with 'no' before the verb. Questions formed by intonation or inversion. Double negatives required: no...res (nothing), no...mai (never), no...ningú (nobody), no...cap (no/none).
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