조동사

22개 언어

독일어Modalverben: können, müssen
A1Modal verbs können (can) and müssen (must) with infinitive at clause end.
이탈리아어Verbi Modali al Passato
A2Potere, volere, dovere in passato prossimo. Auxiliary choice depends on the following infinitive: Ho dovuto mangiare (avere) vs Sono dovuto andare (essere). In spoken Italian, avere is often used for all.
중국어能愿动词
A1Modal verbs before main verb: 会 (can/know how), 能 (can/able), 可以 (may/can), 要 (want/will), 想 (want/think), 应该 (should).
네덜란드어Modale Werkwoorden in de Verleden Tijd
A2Modal verbs in simple past: kon/konden (could), moest/moesten (had to), mocht/mochten (was allowed), wilde(n)/wou(den) (wanted), zou/zouden (would). Used for past events and politeness.
스웨덴어Modala Verb
A1Modal verbs: kan (can), vill (want), ska (shall/will), måste (must), får (may/get to), behöver (need). Followed by infinitive without 'att'.
폴란드어Czasowniki Modalne
A1Modal verbs: musieć (must), móc (can), chcieć (want), potrafić (know how), powinien (should). Used with infinitive.
덴마크어Modale Verber
A1Modal verbs: kan (can), vil (want/will), skal (shall), må (must/may), bør (should). Followed by infinitive without 'at'.
노르웨이어Modale Verb
A1Modal verbs: kan (can), vil (want), skal (shall), må (must), får (may), bør (should). Followed by infinitive without 'å'.
그리스어Τροπικά Ρήματα
A1μπορώ (can), θέλω (want), πρέπει (must) + να + subjunctive. πρέπει is impersonal (doesn't conjugate for person).
체코어Modální Slovesa
A1Modal verbs: muset (must), moct (can), chtít (want), smět (may), umět (know how). Used with infinitive.
루마니아어Construcții Modale
A1Expressing ability, desire, obligation: a putea (can), a vrea (want), a trebui (must). 'Trebuie' is impersonal, followed by 'să' + subjunctive.
헝가리어Modális Kifejezések
B1Modal expressions: kell (must), szabad (may), lehet (possible/can), tilos (forbidden), érdemes (worth). Used with infinitive.
태국어กริยาช่วย
A2Modals: ได้ [dâai] (can/able), ต้อง [tɔ̂ng] (must), ควร [khuan] (should), อาจ [àat] (might), อยาก [yàak] (want to).
베트남어Động Từ Tình Thái
A2Modals: được (can/able), phải (must), nên (should), có thể (might/can), muốn (want to), cần (need to).
우크라이나어Модальні Дієслова
A1Modal verbs and expressions: мусити/повинен (must), могти (can), хотіти (want), вміти (know how), треба (it is necessary).
스와힐리어Vitenzi vya Hali (Weza/Lazima/Pasa)
A2Modal constructions: -weza (can/be able), lazima (must), -pasa/-bidi (should/ought), -taka (want), -hitaji (need). Lazima takes subjunctive; -weza conjugates normally.
페르시아어فعل‌های وجهی
A2Key modal verbs: توانستن tavānestan (can), خواستن khāstan (want), and باید bāyad (must, invariable). Modals precede the subjunctive form of the main verb.
우르두어مرکب فعل (اسم + کرنا/ہونا)
C1Noun/adjective + light verb (کرنا for volitional, ہونا for non-volitional). شروع کرنا (to start, active) vs شروع ہونا (to start, happen). Many Arabic/Persian loanwords form verbs this way.
웨일스어Berfau Moddol
A1Expressing ability, obligation, and desire using periphrastic constructions: gallu (can), gorfod/rhaid (must), eisiau/moyn (want). 'Mae rhaid i fi' (I must), 'Dw i'n gallu' (I can).
광둥어情態動詞
A1Common modal verbs placed before the main verb: 可以 ho2 ji5 (can/may), 想 soeng2 (want to), 要 jiu3 (need/must), 識 sik1 (know how to), 鍾意 zung1 ji3 (like to).
카탈로니아어Verbs Modals: Poder, Voler, Saber
A1Modal verbs for ability, desire, and knowledge: poder (can/be able to), voler (want), saber (know how to). All irregular. Used with infinitive: Puc parlar català.
영어Past Modals
B2Modal + have + past participle for past deduction/possibility. Must have (certain), might/may/could have (possible), can't/couldn't have (impossible).

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