คำชี้เฉพาะ

23 ภาษา

สเปนAdjetivos Demostrativos
A1Three-level system: este/esta/estos/estas (this/these near speaker), ese/esa/esos/esas (that/those near listener), aquel/aquella/aquellos/aquellas (that/those far from both).
ฝรั่งเศสAdjectifs Démonstratifs
A1Demonstrative adjectives: ce (m), cet (m before vowel/h), cette (f), ces (pl) meaning 'this/that/these/those'. Add -ci/-là for distinction: ce livre-ci, ce livre-là.
เยอรมันDemonstrativpronomen
A1Demonstrative pronouns dieser, diese, dieses and jener, jene, jenes (this/that).
อิตาลีDimostrativi: Questo e Quello
A1Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns. Questo (this) has regular four forms. Quello (that) follows definite article patterns (quel, quello, quella, quei, quegli, quelle).
โปรตุเกสAdjetivos Demonstrativos
A1Three-level system: este/esta (near speaker), esse/essa (near listener), aquele/aquela (far from both). Contractions with prepositions: deste, neste, naquele.
ญี่ปุ่น指示詞（こそあど）
A1Demonstrative system: こ- (this, near speaker), そ- (that, near listener), あ- (that over there), ど- (which, question). Applies to things (これ), places (ここ), directions (こちら).
จีน指示代词
A1Demonstratives: 这 (zhè - this), 那 (nà - that). Combined with 个 or measure words: 这个 (this one), 那本书 (that book). 这里/那里 (here/there).
เกาหลี지시사
A1Three-way system: 이 (this, near speaker), 그 (that, near listener or mentioned), 저 (that over there). Apply to 것 (thing), 곳 (place), 사람 (person).
รัสเซียУказательные местоимения
A1Demonstratives: этот/эта/это/эти (this), тот/та/то/те (that). Agree in gender, number, and case with the noun they modify.
ดัตช์Aanwijzende Voornaamwoorden
A1Demonstrative pronouns: deze/dit (this), die/dat (that). 'Deze' and 'die' with de-words and plurals; 'dit' and 'dat' with het-words. Also used as pronouns: Dit is mooi. Dat klopt.
กรีกΔεικτικές Αντωνυμίες
A1αυτός/αυτή/αυτό (this) and εκείνος/εκείνη/εκείνο (that). Decline for gender, number, case. Placed before article+noun.
โรมาเนียPronumele Demonstrative
A2This/that with gender and case agreement: acest/această (this), acel/aceea (that), aceștia/acestea, aceia/acelea (plural).
ฮังการีMutató Névmások
A1Demonstratives: ez (this), az (that). They take case suffixes and assimilate: ez + -ben → ebben, az + -ban → abban.
ไทยคำชี้เฉพาะ
A1Demonstrative words: นี้ (this), นั้น (that), โน้น (that over there), ที่นี่ (here), ที่นั่น (there). Follow the noun: รถคันนี้ (this car).
เวียดนามTừ Chỉ Định
A1Demonstrative words: này (this), đó/kia (that), đây (here), đấy/đó (there). Follow the noun: cái bàn này (this table), người đó (that person).
อินโดนีเซียKata Penunjuk
A1Demonstrative words: ini (this), itu (that), di sini (here), di sana (there). Follow or precede the noun: buku ini (this book), ini buku (this is a book).
ไอริชTaispeántaigh
A1Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns: seo (this), sin (that), siúd (that over there). Placed after the noun: an fear seo (this man), an teach sin (that house).
เวลส์Rhagenwau Dangosol
A1Demonstrative pronouns and adjectives: hwn/hon (this m/f), hyn (this abstract), hwnna/honna (that m/f), y... yma (this), y... yna (that). Used with mutations in context.
บาสก์Erakusleak
A1Three-way demonstrative system based on distance: hau/hauek (this/these, near speaker), hori/horiek (that/those, near listener), hura/haiek (that/those, far from both). Also used as pronouns.
ฮาวายʻŌlelo Kuhikuhi
A1Hawaiian demonstratives: kēia (this, near speaker), kēnā (that, near listener), kēlā (that, far from both). Also: nei (here), laila (there).
กวางตุ้ง指示詞
A1Demonstrative words: 呢 ni1 (this), 嗰 go2 (that). Used with classifiers: 呢個 ni1 go3 (this one), 嗰個 go2 go3 (that one). 呢度 ni1 dou6 (here), 嗰度 go2 dou6 (there).
คาตาลันDemostratius
A1Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns: aquest/aquesta (this), aqueix/aqueixa (that near you), aquell/aquella (that over there). Agree in gender and number. Also: això, allò (neuter).
อังกฤษDemonstratives
A1Demonstrative pronouns and adjectives. This/these for things near, that/those for things far. This/that (singular), these/those (plural).

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