指示代名詞

27言語

スペイン語Adjetivos Demostrativos
A1Three-level system: este/esta/estos/estas (this/these near speaker), ese/esa/esos/esas (that/those near listener), aquel/aquella/aquellos/aquellas (that/those far from both).
フランス語Adjectifs Démonstratifs
A1Demonstrative adjectives: ce (m), cet (m before vowel/h), cette (f), ces (pl) meaning 'this/that/these/those'. Add -ci/-là for distinction: ce livre-ci, ce livre-là.
ドイツ語Demonstrativpronomen
A1Demonstrative pronouns dieser, diese, dieses and jener, jene, jenes (this/that).
イタリア語Dimostrativi: Questo e Quello
A1Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns. Questo (this) has regular four forms. Quello (that) follows definite article patterns (quel, quello, quella, quei, quegli, quelle).
ポルトガル語Adjetivos Demonstrativos
A1Three-level system: este/esta (near speaker), esse/essa (near listener), aquele/aquela (far from both). Contractions with prepositions: deste, neste, naquele.
アラビア語أسماء الإشارة
A1Near demonstratives: هذا/هذه (this m/f), هؤلاء (these). Far: ذلك/تلك (that m/f), أولئك (those). Agree in gender with noun.
ヒンディー語निश्चयवाचक सर्वनाम
A1Demonstratives: यह (this/he/she near), वह (that/he/she far), ये (these/they near), वे (those/they far). Also used as third-person pronouns.
ロシア語Указательные местоимения
A1Demonstratives: этот/эта/это/эти (this), тот/та/то/те (that). Agree in gender, number, and case with the noun they modify.
オランダ語Aanwijzende Voornaamwoorden
A1Demonstrative pronouns: deze/dit (this), die/dat (that). 'Deze' and 'die' with de-words and plurals; 'dit' and 'dat' with het-words. Also used as pronouns: Dit is mooi. Dat klopt.
スウェーデン語Demonstrativa Pronomen
A1Demonstratives: den/det/de här (this/these), den/det/de där (that/those). Agree in gender and number with the noun.
トルコ語İşaret Zamirleri
A1Turkish has three demonstratives based on distance: bu (this, near speaker), şu (that, near listener or just mentioned), o (that, far from both).
ポーランド語Zaimki Wskazujące
A1Demonstratives: ten/ta/to (this/that), tamten/tamta/tamto (that one over there). They decline for gender, number, and case.
デンマーク語Pegende Stedord
A1Demonstratives: denne/dette/disse (this/these), den/det/de (that/those). Agree in gender and number with the noun.
ノルウェー語Pekende Pronomen
A1Demonstratives: denne/dette/disse (this/these), den/det/de (that/those). Agree in gender and number with the noun.
フィンランド語Demonstratiivipronominit
A1Demonstratives: tämä (this), tuo (that), se (it/that), nämä (these), nuo (those), ne (they/those). Decline in all cases.
ギリシャ語Δεικτικές Αντωνυμίες
A1αυτός/αυτή/αυτό (this) and εκείνος/εκείνη/εκείνο (that). Decline for gender, number, case. Placed before article+noun.
チェコ語Ukazovací Zájmena
A1Demonstratives: ten/ta/to (this/that), tenhle/tahle/tohle (this here). They decline for gender, number, and case.
ルーマニア語Pronumele Demonstrative
A2This/that with gender and case agreement: acest/această (this), acel/aceea (that), aceștia/acestea, aceia/acelea (plural).
ハンガリー語Mutató Névmások
A1Demonstratives: ez (this), az (that). They take case suffixes and assimilate: ez + -ben → ebben, az + -ban → abban.
ヘブライ語כינויי רמיזה
A1Demonstratives: זה/זאת/זו (this m/f), אלה/אלו (these), ההוא/ההיא (that). Agree in gender/number.
ウクライナ語Вказівні Займенники
A1Demonstratives: цей/ця/це (this), той/та/те (that). They decline for gender, number, and case.
ペルシア語ضمایر اشاره
A1Demonstrative pronouns and adjectives: این in (this), آن ān (that), اینها inhā (these), آنها ānhā (those). Colloquial forms: اون un (that), اینا inā (these). Used as both pronouns and determiners.
フィリピノ語Mga Panghalip na Pamatlig
A1Three-way distance system: ito (this, near speaker), iyan (that, near listener), iyon (that, far from both). Also used as determiners before nouns.
ウルドゥー語اشاریہ ضمیر
A1Demonstrative pronouns: یہ yeh (this/these), وہ voh (that/those). In oblique case: اس is (this/that singular), ان in (these/those plural). Used as both pronouns and determiners before nouns.
ヨルバ語Arọ́pò Orúkọ Àfojúsùn
A2Object pronouns differ from subject forms: mi (me), ọ/ẹ (you), ún/an (him/her/it), wa (us), yín (you pl.), wọn (them). Emphatic forms: èmi (I myself), ìwọ (you yourself), etc.
カタロニア語Demostratius
A1Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns: aquest/aquesta (this), aqueix/aqueixa (that near you), aquell/aquella (that over there). Agree in gender and number. Also: això, allò (neuter).
英語Demonstratives
A1Demonstrative pronouns and adjectives. This/these for things near, that/those for things far. This/that (singular), these/those (plural).

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