Ettirgen yapılar

16 dil

FransızcaFaire Causatif

B1Faire + infinitive for having something done. Je fais réparer ma voiture = I'm having my car repaired. Se faire + infinitive for things done to oneself.

İtalyancaFare Causativo

B2Fare + infinitive to express causing someone to do something or having something done. Object pronouns precede fare. If both agent and patient present, patient is indirect object.

İsveççeKausativa Konstruktioner

B2Expressing that someone causes something: 'få någon att' (get someone to), 'låta någon' (let someone), 'be någon att' (ask someone to).

DancaKausative Konstruktioner

B2Expressing that someone causes something: 'få nogen til at' (get someone to), 'lade nogen' (let someone), 'bede nogen om at' (ask someone to).

NorveççeKausative Konstruksjoner

B2Expressing cause: 'få noen til å' (get someone to), 'la noen' (let someone), 'be noen om å' (ask someone to).

YunancaΑιτιατολογικές Κατασκευές

B2Expressing causation: βάζω κάποιον να (make someone), κάνω κάποιον να (cause someone to), αφήνω να (let). No morphological causative.

Taycaการทำให้

B1Causative with ให้ [hâi]: ทำให้ (make/cause), บอกให้ (tell to), ขอให้ (request to). Also permission: ให้...ได้.

VietnamcaCấu Trúc Sai Khiến Nâng Cao

B2Extended causatives: khiến (cause/make), bắt (force), yêu cầu (request), đề nghị (propose), ra lệnh (order). Formal command/request hierarchy.

EndonezceKonstruksi Kausatif Lanjutan

B2Extended causatives: membuat (make/cause), memaksa (force), meminta (request), mengusulkan (propose), memerintahkan (order). Formal hierarchy.

Farsçaفعل سببی

B2Causative formed with -اندن (-āndan) suffix or compound verbs: خواباندن khābāndan (to put to sleep, from خوابیدن to sleep). Also periphrastic: کاری کردن که (to cause that).

FilipincePalagyuang Pa-

B1The pa- prefix indicates causation ('to have/let someone do something'). Combines with focus affixes: magpa- (actor), pa-...-in (object), ipa- (benefactive), pa-...-an (locative).

YorubacaÌṣe Ìfọkànsí (Mú/Jẹ́...kí)

B1Causative meaning expressed with mú (cause/make) or jẹ́...kí (let/allow): ó mú mi bínú (it made me angry), jẹ́ kí ó lọ (let him/her go). Essential for expressing influence and cause-effect.

İrlandacaFoirmeacha Ceadaitheacha

B2Extended passive using autonomous forms across all tenses and moods. Causative constructions with 'cuir' and 'tabhair ar': Chuir sé orm é a dhéanamh (He made me do it).

BaskçaAditz Kausatiboak

C1Causative forms using -arazi suffix: ikusi → ikusarazi (make see/show), jan → janarazi (make eat/feed). These add an extra argument to the verb's agreement pattern.

Kantonca使役結構

B2Expressing causation: 令 ling6 (formal: cause/make), 搞到 gaau2 dou3 (colloquial: end up causing), 俾 bei2 (let/allow). The causee + verb pattern shows what was caused to happen.

KatalancaConstruccions Causatives

B2Using fer + infinitive to express causing or making someone do something: fer cantar (to make sing), fer venir (to send for), deixar + infinitive (to let), and making someone have something done.

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