Present Perfect Tense

ماضی نقلی

About this concept

Formed with past participle (past stem + ه -e) + بودن enclitic (am, i, ast, im, id, and). Indicates completed action with present relevance: رفته‌ام rafte-am (I have gone). Also used for reported/hearsay past.

In Settemila Lingue, this concept generates a practice deck of ~35 cards at level A2.

Examples

من این کتاب را خوانده‌ام.I have read this book.

او رفته است.He/She has gone.

هنوز نیامده‌اند.They haven't come yet.

گویا باران آمده.Apparently it has rained. (hearsay)

Prerequisite

Simple Present TenseA1

Concepts that build on this

Past Perfect (Pluperfect)B1

More A2 concepts

Simple Past Tenseماضی ساده Present Continuous Tenseحال استمراری Object Pronouns and Enclitic Formsضمایر مفعولی Colloquial vs Formal Registerزبان محاوره‌ای و رسمی Reflexive with خودضمیر انعکاسی «خود»

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