A2

Accusative Prepositions in German

Präpositionen mit Akkusativ

Overview

German prepositions govern specific grammatical cases, and a key group always requires the accusative case. At the A2 level, learning these prepositions is essential because they appear in nearly every conversation. The main accusative prepositions are durch (through), für (for), gegen (against), ohne (without), um (around/at), bis (until/to), and entlang (along).

When you use one of these prepositions, the noun that follows must be in the accusative case. This means articles and adjective endings change accordingly: der becomes den, ein becomes einen for masculine nouns. Feminine, neuter, and plural articles remain the same as in the nominative.

A helpful mnemonic many learners use is the word "DOGFU" (durch, ohne, gegen, für, um) to remember the core accusative prepositions. Once you internalize this group, you eliminate a major source of case errors in everyday German.

How It Works

The Accusative Prepositions

Preposition Meaning Example
durch through durch den Park
für for für meinen Freund
gegen against / around (time) gegen die Wand / gegen 8 Uhr
ohne without ohne einen Fehler
um around / at (time) um den Tisch / um 9 Uhr
bis until / to bis nächsten Montag
entlang along (follows the noun) den Fluss entlang

Article Changes in Accusative

Gender Nominative Accusative Example
Masculine der / ein den / einen für den Mann / für einen Mann
Feminine die / eine die / eine für die Frau / für eine Frau
Neuter das / ein das / ein für das Kind / für ein Kind
Plural die / — die / — für die Kinder

Note: Only masculine articles change in the accusative. Feminine, neuter, and plural stay the same.

Examples in Context

German English Note
Das ist für dich. This is for you. für + accusative pronoun
Er geht durch den Park. He walks through the park. durch + masculine accusative
Ohne dich ist es langweilig. Without you it's boring. ohne + accusative pronoun
Wir spielen gegen die andere Mannschaft. We play against the other team. gegen + feminine accusative
Sie läuft um den See. She runs around the lake. um + masculine accusative
Bis nächste Woche! Until next week! bis + feminine accusative
Er fährt den Fluss entlang. He drives along the river. entlang follows the noun
Ich habe ein Geschenk für meine Mutter. I have a gift for my mother. für + feminine accusative
Ohne einen Plan geht nichts. Nothing works without a plan. ohne + masculine accusative
Gegen 18 Uhr bin ich da. I'll be there around 6 PM. gegen for approximate time

Common Mistakes

Using nominative instead of accusative after these prepositions

  • Wrong: Ich gehe durch der Park.
  • Right: Ich gehe durch den Park.
  • Why: Durch always requires the accusative. Masculine der must change to den.

Forgetting that entlang follows the noun

  • Wrong: Entlang den Fluss gehen wir.
  • Right: Wir gehen den Fluss entlang.
  • Why: Unlike the other accusative prepositions, entlang typically comes after the noun it governs.

Confusing für with dative prepositions

  • Wrong: Das ist für dem Kind. (dative)
  • Right: Das ist für das Kind. (accusative)
  • Why: Für always takes accusative. Do not mix it up with dative prepositions like von or mit.

Using bis with an article (it usually stands alone or pairs with zu)

  • Wrong: Bis dem Montag.
  • Right: Bis Montag. or Bis zum Montag. (bis + zu with dative for specific articles)
  • Why: Bis is usually used without an article. When an article is needed, bis pairs with another preposition (usually zu + dative).

Usage Notes

In spoken German, you will hear these prepositions constantly. Für and ohne are among the ten most frequent prepositions in the language. The preposition gegen can mean "against" in a physical or abstract sense, but also "around" when referring to approximate times: gegen Mittag (around noon). Um similarly has a dual role: "around" (spatial) and "at" (time), as in um 8 Uhr (at 8 o'clock).

Practice Tips

  1. Use the mnemonic "DOGFU" (durch, ohne, gegen, für, um) to memorize the core accusative prepositions. Write five sentences using each one, focusing on getting the masculine article correct (den/einen).
  2. Create fill-in-the-blank exercises for yourself where you must choose the correct article after each preposition. Focus especially on masculine nouns, since that is where the case change is visible.

Related Concepts

Prerequisite

Accusative Case (Articles) in GermanA1

More A2 concepts

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