B1

Reported Past (-miş)

Duyulan Geçmiş Zaman

About this concept

The -miş/-mış/-muş/-müş past indicates hearsay, inference, surprise, or unwitnessed events. A key feature of Turkish evidentiality.

In Settemila Lingue, this concept generates a practice deck of ~45 cards at level B1.

Examples

Gelmiş. (I heard he came)Reported/hearsay
Çok yorulmuşum.I must be very tired. (realization)
Kar yağmış!It snowed! (I just noticed)

Prerequisite

Past Tense (-di)A2

Concepts that build on this

Past Tense Contrast (-di vs -miş)B1Modality and EvidentialityB2

More B1 concepts

Past Tense Contrast (-di vs -miş)Geçmiş Zaman KarşılaştırmasıConditional MoodKoşul Kipi (-se/-sa)Necessity/ObligationGereklilik KipiAbility/Possibility (-ebilmek)Yeterlilik FiiliPassive VoiceEdilgen Çatı

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