B1

Numeral Declension in Russian

Склонение числительных

Overview

Russian numbers are not just words -- they are fully declinable, changing form across all six cases. At the B1 level, learning numeral declension is important for constructing grammatically correct sentences where numbers appear after prepositions, as indirect objects, or in other oblique case positions. While nominative and accusative numbers are learned at A1-A2, oblique cases are a B1 challenge.

The declension patterns vary by number type: один declines like an adjective, два/три/четыре have their own special pattern, and numbers 5-20 decline like soft-stem feminine nouns. Compound numbers (двадцать один) require each component to decline separately, which creates complex forms in oblique cases.

In practice, many Russians simplify or avoid some of the more complex declined number forms in casual speech. However, in formal writing and careful speech, correct numeral declension is expected and marks educated language use.

How It Works

Один (One) -- Declines Like an Adjective

Case Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nom один одна одно
Gen одного одной одного
Dat одному одной одному
Acc одного/один одну одно
Inst одним одной одним
Prep одном одной одном

Два/Три/Четыре -- Special Pattern

Case Два Три Четыре
Nom два/две три четыре
Gen двух трёх четырёх
Dat двум трём четырём
Acc двух/два трёх/три четырёх/четыре
Inst двумя тремя четырьмя
Prep двух трёх четырёх

Пять-Двадцать -- Like Soft-Stem Feminine Nouns

Case Пять Десять
Nom пять десять
Gen пяти десяти
Dat пяти десяти
Acc пять десять
Inst пятью десятью
Prep пяти десяти

Compound Numbers

Each part declines separately: двадцать один → двадцати одному (dative)

Examples in Context

Russian English Note
с одним другом, с двумя друзьями with one friend, with two friends Instrumental
без трёх рублей minus three rubles Genitive
о пяти студентах about five students Prepositional
на двадцати страницах on twenty pages Prepositional
к двум часам by two o'clock Dative
с пятью детьми with five children Instrumental
одному из студентов to one of the students Dative
в четырёх комнатах in four rooms Prepositional
между двумя домами between two houses Instrumental
к трём часам by three o'clock Dative

Common Mistakes

Not declining numbers in oblique cases

  • Wrong: с пять друзьями
  • Right: с пятью друзьями
  • Why: Numbers must decline when they appear in oblique case positions (after prepositions, as indirect objects, etc.).

Forgetting to decline all parts of compound numbers

  • Wrong: с двадцать одним рублём
  • Right: с двадцатью одним рублём
  • Why: In compound numbers, each component declines separately.

Mixing up два/две in oblique cases

  • Wrong: Using gendered forms in oblique cases (oblique forms are the same for all genders)
  • Right: Двух, двум, двумя -- these are gender-neutral
  • Why: The masculine/feminine distinction (два/две) exists only in nominative and accusative; oblique cases have a single form.

Practice Tips

  • Focus on the most common oblique situations: с + instrumental (с двумя), без + genitive (без трёх), о + prepositional (о пяти).
  • Practice time expressions that require dative: к двум часам, к пяти часам, к десяти часам.

Related Concepts

Prerequisite

Numbers 20-1000+ in RussianA1

More B1 concepts

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