虚拟语气

15种语言

西班牙语Subjuntivo Presente

B1Subjunctive mood for wishes, doubts, emotions, requests after que. Formed from yo stem: -AR (-e, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en), -ER/-IR (-a, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an). Irregulars: ser, estar, ir, haber, saber, dar.

法语Subjonctif Présent

B1Subjunctive mood for wishes, doubts, emotions, necessity after que. Formed from ils stem + -e, -es, -e, -ions, -iez, -ent. Irregular: être, avoir, aller, faire, pouvoir, savoir.

意大利语Congiuntivo Presente

B1Subjunctive mood expressing doubt, wish, emotion, or opinion. Used after che with verbs like pensare, credere, volere, sperare, temere, essere + adjective. Distinct endings from indicative.

葡萄牙语Conjuntivo Presente

B1Subjunctive mood for wishes, doubts, emotions, necessity after que. Formed from eu stem: -AR (-e, -es, -e, -emos, -eis, -em), -ER/-IR (-a, -as, -a, -amos, -ais, -am).

阿拉伯语المضارع المنصوب

B1Subjunctive (منصوب) after certain particles: أن, لن, كي, لكي, حتى. Endings: -a instead of -u. Used for purpose, wish, negated future.

印地语संभावना (संभाव्य)

B1Subjunctive expresses possibility, doubt, wishes, purpose. Formed with verb stem + ऊँ/ए/ओ/एँ (no auxiliary). Used after शायद, ताकि, चाहे, etc.

瑞典语Konjunktiv

B2Rare in modern Swedish, mainly in fixed expressions: leve kungen (long live the king), vare sig (whether), må så vara (so be it).

希腊语Υποτακτική

A2Subjunctive with να + verb: να γράψω (to write/that I write). Used after θέλω, μπορώ, πρέπει, and for wishes/purposes.

罗马尼亚语Modul Conjunctiv

B1Subjunctive formed with 'să' + special verb forms. Used for wishes, necessity, purpose, after impersonal verbs, and instead of infinitive.

斯瓦希里语Hali ya Kutaka (-e)

B1Subjunctive formed by changing the final -a to -e: asome (that he/she read), tufanye (that we do). Used after lazima (must), ili (so that), kabla (before), and for polite requests.

波斯语وجه التزامی

B1Formed with ب (be-) + present stem + personal endings (without می). Used after باید (must), شاید (maybe), modals, wishes, and in subordinate clauses with که. Key mood in Persian grammar.

乌尔都语صیغۂ تمنائی

B1Expresses wishes, possibilities, suggestions, and obligation. Formed with verb stem + subjunctive endings (وں/ے/ے/یں/و/یں). Used after چاہیے (should), شاید (perhaps), and in purpose clauses.

爱尔兰语An Modh Foshuiteach

B2The subjunctive (past subjunctive) used after 'dá' (if), 'go' (that...may), and in wishes: Go raibh maith agat (May you have good). Forms: present subjunctive nearly extinct; past subjunctive still common.

巴斯克语Subjuntiboa

B2Basque subjunctive uses special auxiliary forms for wishes, doubts, and hypotheticals. '-n' suffix on auxiliaries marks subjunctive: dadin (that he/she be), dezan (that he/she do it).

英语Subjunctive

C1Formal subjunctive: base verb after verbs of suggestion/demand (suggest that he go), in fixed expressions (if need be, come what may). Were in all persons for hypotheticals.

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