पूर्ण वर्तमान

9 भाषाएँ

स्पेनिशPretérito Perfecto
A2Compound past tense with haber (he, has, ha, hemos, habéis, han) + past participle (-ado/-ido). For past actions with present relevance. More common in Spain than Latin America.
फ़्रेंचPassé Composé
A2Compound past tense with auxiliary (avoir or être) + past participle. Most verbs use avoir. DR MRS VANDERTRAMP verbs and reflexives use être (participle agrees with subject).
इतालवीPassato Prossimo
A2Compound past tense formed with auxiliary verb (avere or essere) plus past participle. Verbs of motion and reflexive verbs use essere and require participle agreement.
पुर्तगालीPretérito Perfeito Simples
A2Simple past for completed actions. Regular endings: -AR (-ei, -aste, -ou, -ámos, -astes, -aram), -ER/-IR (-i, -este, -eu/-iu, -emos/-imos, -estes/-istes, -eram/-iram).
डचVoltooid Tegenwoordige Tijd
A2Perfect tense formed with hebben/zijn + past participle. Regular participles: ge- + stem + -t/-d (t-kofschip rule). Many verbs use zijn (motion, change of state). Participle goes to end.
फ़ारसीماضی نقلی
A2Formed with past participle (past stem + ه -e) + بودن enclitic (am, i, ast, im, id, and). Indicates completed action with present relevance: رفته‌ام rafte-am (I have gone). Also used for reported/hearsay past.
उर्दूحال مکمل
B1Formed with past participle (verb stem + ا/ی/ے) + ہونا present auxiliary. Follows ergative pattern for transitive verbs. میں نے کتاب پڑھی ہے (I have read the book).
कातालानPerfet d'Indicatiu
A2Compound past with haver + past participle: he cantat, has cantat, ha cantat... Used for recent past or present-relevant past. Past participle agrees with preceding direct object pronoun in formal register.
अंग्रेज़ीPresent Perfect Simple
A2Present perfect (have/has + past participle) for life experiences, recent past with present relevance, unfinished time periods. With ever, never, just, already, yet.

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