過去完了(Υπερσυντέλικος)

11言語

スペイン語Pluscuamperfecto
B1Past-before-past tense: imperfect of haber (había, habías, había, habíamos, habíais, habían) + past participle. For actions completed before another past action.
フランス語Plus-que-parfait
B1Past-before-past tense: imperfect of avoir/être + past participle. Used for actions completed before another past action. J'avais mangé quand il est arrivé.
ドイツ語Plusquamperfekt
B2Past perfect tense for actions before another past action: hatte/war + past participle.
イタリア語Trapassato Prossimo
B2Pluperfect indicative: imperfect of avere/essere + past participle. For actions completed before another past action. Essential for sequencing events and indirect speech.
ポルトガル語Mais-que-perfeito
B1Past-before-past: compound form (tinha + participle) more common than simple form. For actions completed before another past action.
オランダ語Voltooid Verleden Tijd
B1Past perfect (plusquamperfectum): had/hadden or was/waren + past participle. For actions completed before another past action. Essential for sequencing past events.
ギリシャ語Υπερσυντέλικος
B2Past perfect: είχα + past participle. Actions completed before another past action.
ルーマニア語Mai-mult-ca-perfectul
B2Simple pluperfect without auxiliary, formed with special endings (-sem/-seși/-se/-serăm/-serăți/-seră). Unique among Romance languages.
ハンガリー語Összetett Igeidők
C1Past conditional and past potential with 'volna'. Expressing counterfactual past and unrealized possibilities.
カタロニア語Plusquamperfet i Passat Anterior
B2Pluperfect: havia cantat (I had sung), for actions before another past event. Past anterior: haguí cantat (rare, literary). Used in complex temporal sequences and reported speech.
英語Past Perfect
B1Had + past participle for actions completed before another past action. Often with before, after, when, by the time. Creates clear sequence in past.

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