助動詞

22言語

ドイツ語Modalverben: können, müssen
A1Modal verbs können (can) and müssen (must) with infinitive at clause end.
イタリア語Verbi Modali al Passato
A2Potere, volere, dovere in passato prossimo. Auxiliary choice depends on the following infinitive: Ho dovuto mangiare (avere) vs Sono dovuto andare (essere). In spoken Italian, avere is often used for all.
中国語能愿动词
A1Modal verbs before main verb: 会 (can/know how), 能 (can/able), 可以 (may/can), 要 (want/will), 想 (want/think), 应该 (should).
オランダ語Modale Werkwoorden in de Verleden Tijd
A2Modal verbs in simple past: kon/konden (could), moest/moesten (had to), mocht/mochten (was allowed), wilde(n)/wou(den) (wanted), zou/zouden (would). Used for past events and politeness.
スウェーデン語Modala Verb
A1Modal verbs: kan (can), vill (want), ska (shall/will), måste (must), får (may/get to), behöver (need). Followed by infinitive without 'att'.
ポーランド語Czasowniki Modalne
A1Modal verbs: musieć (must), móc (can), chcieć (want), potrafić (know how), powinien (should). Used with infinitive.
デンマーク語Modale Verber
A1Modal verbs: kan (can), vil (want/will), skal (shall), må (must/may), bør (should). Followed by infinitive without 'at'.
ノルウェー語Modale Verb
A1Modal verbs: kan (can), vil (want), skal (shall), må (must), får (may), bør (should). Followed by infinitive without 'å'.
ギリシャ語Τροπικά Ρήματα
A1μπορώ (can), θέλω (want), πρέπει (must) + να + subjunctive. πρέπει is impersonal (doesn't conjugate for person).
チェコ語Modální Slovesa
A1Modal verbs: muset (must), moct (can), chtít (want), smět (may), umět (know how). Used with infinitive.
ルーマニア語Construcții Modale
A1Expressing ability, desire, obligation: a putea (can), a vrea (want), a trebui (must). 'Trebuie' is impersonal, followed by 'să' + subjunctive.
ハンガリー語Modális Kifejezések
B1Modal expressions: kell (must), szabad (may), lehet (possible/can), tilos (forbidden), érdemes (worth). Used with infinitive.
タイ語กริยาช่วย
A2Modals: ได้ [dâai] (can/able), ต้อง [tɔ̂ng] (must), ควร [khuan] (should), อาจ [àat] (might), อยาก [yàak] (want to).
ベトナム語Động Từ Tình Thái
A2Modals: được (can/able), phải (must), nên (should), có thể (might/can), muốn (want to), cần (need to).
ウクライナ語Модальні Дієслова
A1Modal verbs and expressions: мусити/повинен (must), могти (can), хотіти (want), вміти (know how), треба (it is necessary).
スワヒリ語Vitenzi vya Hali (Weza/Lazima/Pasa)
A2Modal constructions: -weza (can/be able), lazima (must), -pasa/-bidi (should/ought), -taka (want), -hitaji (need). Lazima takes subjunctive; -weza conjugates normally.
ペルシア語فعل‌های وجهی
A2Key modal verbs: توانستن tavānestan (can), خواستن khāstan (want), and باید bāyad (must, invariable). Modals precede the subjunctive form of the main verb.
ウルドゥー語مرکب فعل (اسم + کرنا/ہونا)
C1Noun/adjective + light verb (کرنا for volitional, ہونا for non-volitional). شروع کرنا (to start, active) vs شروع ہونا (to start, happen). Many Arabic/Persian loanwords form verbs this way.
ウェールズ語Berfau Moddol
A1Expressing ability, obligation, and desire using periphrastic constructions: gallu (can), gorfod/rhaid (must), eisiau/moyn (want). 'Mae rhaid i fi' (I must), 'Dw i'n gallu' (I can).
広東語情態動詞
A1Common modal verbs placed before the main verb: 可以 ho2 ji5 (can/may), 想 soeng2 (want to), 要 jiu3 (need/must), 識 sik1 (know how to), 鍾意 zung1 ji3 (like to).
カタロニア語Verbs Modals: Poder, Voler, Saber
A1Modal verbs for ability, desire, and knowledge: poder (can/be able to), voler (want), saber (know how to). All irregular. Used with infinitive: Puc parlar català.
英語Past Modals
B2Modal + have + past participle for past deduction/possibility. Must have (certain), might/may/could have (possible), can't/couldn't have (impossible).

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