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20 ภาษา

สเปนConstrucciones Impersonales
B1Impersonal expressions: hay que + infinitive (one must), se puede (one can), es necesario/importante/posible + infinitive or que + subjunctive. Se impersonal constructions.
ฝรั่งเศสTournures Impersonnelles Avancées
C1Formal impersonal constructions: il appert que, il échoit à, il incombe à, il ressort que. Administrative and legal language patterns.
อิตาลีVerbi Impersonali
A2Verbs used only in third person singular: bisogna (it's necessary), basta (it's enough), sembra (it seems), pare (it appears), occorre (it's needed). Often followed by infinitive or che + subjunctive.
โปรตุเกสConstruções Impessoais
B1Impersonal expressions: é preciso/necessário + infinitive or que + subjunctive. É possível, é importante. Há que + infinitive (one must).
รัสเซียБезличные конструкции
B1Subjectless sentences: dative + predicate (мне холодно), нужно/надо (need), можно/нельзя (may/may not), weather (холодно), modals in past (можно было).
สวีเดนOpersonliga Konstruktioner
B1Impersonal expressions with 'man' (one/you), 'det' + passive, and fixed phrases. 'Man' is the generic pronoun for rules and norms.
โปแลนด์Konstrukcje Nieosobowe
B1Impersonal expressions: trzeba (it is necessary), można (one can), warto (it is worth). Weather and state expressions.
เดนมาร์กUpersonlige Konstruktioner
B1Impersonal expressions with 'man' (one/you), 'det' + passive, and fixed impersonal phrases. 'Man' is the generic pronoun for rules and norms.
นอร์เวย์Upersonlige Konstruksjoner
B1Impersonal expressions with 'man' (one/you), 'det' + passive, and fixed impersonal phrases. 'Man' is the generic pronoun.
ฟินแลนด์Nollapersoonarakenne
A1Zero-person construction: verb in 3rd singular, no subject. täytyy (must), saa (may), kannattaa (it's worth). Common in Finnish.
กรีกΑπρόσωπα Ρήματα
B1Impersonal verbs and constructions: πρέπει (must), φαίνεται (it seems), αξίζει (it's worth), χρειάζεται (it's needed), βρέχει (it rains).
เช็กNeosobní Konstrukce
B1Impersonal expressions: je třeba (it is necessary), je možné (it is possible), dá se (one can). Weather and state expressions.
ฮังการีAlanytalan Mondatok
C1Impersonal and subjectless sentences with kell (must), szabad (may), lehet (possible), tilos (forbidden), érdemes (worth).
ยูเครนБезособові Конструкції
B1Impersonal expressions: треба (it is necessary), можна (one can), варто (it is worth). Weather and state expressions.
สวาฮีลีKauli ya Kutendwa Changamano
B2Impersonal passives, double passives, and passives with verb extensions: inaaminika (it is believed), inasemekana (it is said), imefanywa vizuri (it has been done well).
เปอร์เซียساخت‌های غیرشخصی
B2Impersonal verb forms and expressions: باید bāyad (must), شاید shāyad (maybe), نباید nabāyad (must not) are invariable. Also می‌شود mishavad (it is possible), لازم است lāzem ast (it is necessary).
ฟิลิปปินส์Mga Balangkas na Palakad at Panalagay
B2Stative constructions with na- and naka- prefixes indicate states/results: nabasag (got broken), nakaupo (seated/in sitting position). Different from active/deliberate ma-/maka-.
โยรูบาÌtẹnumọ́ àti Gbólóhùn Ìpín
B2Yoruba uses focus constructions to emphasize elements: 'Adé ni ó lọ' (It is Ade who went) vs. 'Adé lọ' (Ade went). The particle ni marks the focused element, with restructuring of the sentence.
บาสก์Pasibo Boza eta Inpertsonala
B2Basque does not have a true passive voice but uses impersonal constructions and nor-nork restructuring. Common patterns: indefinite subject, reflexive constructions with 'bere burua'.
คาตาลันConstruccions Impersonals
B1Impersonal expressions: cal (it is necessary), es pot (one can), es diu que (it is said that), fa falta (it is needed). Using infinitive or subjunctive with impersonal triggers.

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