Gerund / Progressive Form

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hiszpańskiUsos del Gerundio

B1Extended gerund uses: seguir/continuar + gerund (keep doing), llevar + time + gerund (have been doing for), ir + gerund (gradual action). Never as noun (use infinitive).

francuskiLe Gérondif

B1Gerund formed with en + present participle (-ant). Expresses simultaneity, manner, or condition. En parlant, en mangeant. Tout en emphasizes simultaneity.

włoskiStare + Gerundio

B1Progressive aspect formed with stare + gerund (-ando for -are verbs, -endo for -ere/-ire). Emphasizes action in progress. All tenses possible: sto/stavo/starò + gerund.

japońskiている形

A2て-form + いる expressing ongoing action (食べている - eating) or resultant state (結婚している - is married). Context determines which meaning applies.

koreański진행형

A2Progressive aspect: stem + 고 있다 (be doing). Emphasizes ongoing action. 고 있다 conjugates for tense. Some verbs use -아/어 있다 for resultant state.

rumuńskiGerunziul

B2Verbal form ending in -ând (Group I) or -ind (Groups II-IV) for ongoing/simultaneous actions. Less common than in English.

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