正式语体

16种语言

西班牙语Registro Formal

C1Formal vocabulary and constructions: mediante, no obstante, en virtud de, a tenor de, en aras de. Business and legal language patterns. Subjunctive in formal contexts.

法语Registre Soutenu

C1Formal vocabulary and constructions: auprès de, nonobstant, en dépit de, moyennant, eu égard à. Full ne retention, subjunctive preference, formal pronouns.

意大利语Registro Formale

C1Features of formal written/spoken Italian: passato remoto over passato prossimo, passive voice, impersonal constructions, learned vocabulary, complex syntax, avoiding contractions.

葡萄牙语Registo Formal

C1Formal vocabulary and constructions: mediante, não obstante, em virtude de, no âmbito de, em conformidade com. Business and legal language patterns.

荷兰语Formeel versus Informeel

B2Distinguishing formal and informal Dutch. 'U' vs 'je/jij', vocabulary choices (gaarne vs graag), sentence structure, politeness markers. Business and official correspondence conventions.

希腊语Επίσημος Γραπτός Λόγος

C1Formal written Greek: academic vocabulary, complex sentence structures, passive constructions, impersonal style common in essays and news.

斯瓦希里语Lugha ya Rasmi na Kitaaluma

C1Formal Swahili used in academic writing, news, and official documents. Features longer sentences, Arabic/English loanwords, passive constructions, and complex subordination.

波斯语زبان رسمی و نوشتاری

C1Formal Persian used in journalism, academia, and official documents. Features Arabic loanwords, complex noun phrases with multiple ezafe chains, and formal verb forms. Distinct from conversational Persian.

菲律宾语Pormal at Pampanitikang Rehistro

C1Formal Tagalog (Filipino) used in academic writing, news, and government. Uses ngunit over pero, subalit (however), datapwat (nevertheless), and longer sentence structures with ay inversion.

乌尔都语رسمی اور ادبی اردو

C1Formal Urdu features heavy Perso-Arabic vocabulary, complex izafat constructions, and literary verb forms. Used in news, speeches, poetry introductions. Distinct from colloquial spoken Urdu.

约鲁巴语Ìrísí Ọ̀rọ̀ Àgbà àti Àṣà

C1Formal Yoruba used in traditional courts, ceremonies, and public speaking. Features elaborate greetings, praise poetry patterns, honorific language, and rhetorical devices.

爱尔兰语An Clár Foirmiúil

C1Formal and official Irish: parliamentary language, legal terminology, academic writing conventions. Includes synthetic verb forms, formal address, and specialized vocabulary of governance.

威尔士语Cystrawen Ffurfiol

C1Formal written Welsh: 'y mae' instead of 'mae', 'yr wyf' instead of 'dw i', negative 'ni/nid', affirmative particle 'fe/mi'. Literary clause structures and formal correspondence style.

巴斯克语Erregistro Formala eta Literarioa

C1Formal Basque (euskara batua literary style): complex sentence structures, formal vocabulary, nominalized constructions, and administrative language distinct from colloquial speech.

粤语正式同官方語體

C2Highly formal Cantonese used in government, legal, and business contexts. Blends written Chinese structures with Cantonese pronunciation. News broadcast style and formal public speaking conventions.

加泰罗尼亚语Registre Formal

C1Formal and academic Catalan: use of 'hom' (one/impersonal), subjunctive in formal subordination, literary connectors (tanmateix, nogensmenys, car), and formal correspondence conventions.

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