Cấu trúc nguyên nhân

16 ngôn ngữ

Tiếng PhápFaire Causatif
B1Faire + infinitive for having something done. Je fais réparer ma voiture = I'm having my car repaired. Se faire + infinitive for things done to oneself.
Tiếng ItalyFare Causativo
B2Fare + infinitive to express causing someone to do something or having something done. Object pronouns precede fare. If both agent and patient present, patient is indirect object.
Tiếng Thụy ĐiểnKausativa Konstruktioner
B2Expressing that someone causes something: 'få någon att' (get someone to), 'låta någon' (let someone), 'be någon att' (ask someone to).
Tiếng Đan MạchKausative Konstruktioner
B2Expressing that someone causes something: 'få nogen til at' (get someone to), 'lade nogen' (let someone), 'bede nogen om at' (ask someone to).
Tiếng Na UyKausative Konstruksjoner
B2Expressing cause: 'få noen til å' (get someone to), 'la noen' (let someone), 'be noen om å' (ask someone to).
Tiếng Hy LạpΑιτιατολογικές Κατασκευές
B2Expressing causation: βάζω κάποιον να (make someone), κάνω κάποιον να (cause someone to), αφήνω να (let). No morphological causative.
Tiếng Tháiการทำให้
B1Causative with ให้ [hâi]: ทำให้ (make/cause), บอกให้ (tell to), ขอให้ (request to). Also permission: ให้...ได้.
Tiếng ViệtCấu Trúc Sai Khiến Nâng Cao
B2Extended causatives: khiến (cause/make), bắt (force), yêu cầu (request), đề nghị (propose), ra lệnh (order). Formal command/request hierarchy.
Tiếng IndonesiaKonstruksi Kausatif Lanjutan
B2Extended causatives: membuat (make/cause), memaksa (force), meminta (request), mengusulkan (propose), memerintahkan (order). Formal hierarchy.
Tiếng Ba Tưفعل سببی
B2Causative formed with -اندن (-āndan) suffix or compound verbs: خواباندن khābāndan (to put to sleep, from خوابیدن to sleep). Also periphrastic: کاری کردن که (to cause that).
Tiếng PhilippinesPalagyuang Pa-
B1The pa- prefix indicates causation ('to have/let someone do something'). Combines with focus affixes: magpa- (actor), pa-...-in (object), ipa- (benefactive), pa-...-an (locative).
Tiếng YorubaÌṣe Ìfọkànsí (Mú/Jẹ́...kí)
B1Causative meaning expressed with mú (cause/make) or jẹ́...kí (let/allow): ó mú mi bínú (it made me angry), jẹ́ kí ó lọ (let him/her go). Essential for expressing influence and cause-effect.
Tiếng IrelandFoirmeacha Ceadaitheacha
B2Extended passive using autonomous forms across all tenses and moods. Causative constructions with 'cuir' and 'tabhair ar': Chuir sé orm é a dhéanamh (He made me do it).
Tiếng BasqueAditz Kausatiboak
C1Causative forms using -arazi suffix: ikusi → ikusarazi (make see/show), jan → janarazi (make eat/feed). These add an extra argument to the verb's agreement pattern.
Tiếng Quảng Đông使役結構
B2Expressing causation: 令 ling6 (formal: cause/make), 搞到 gaau2 dou3 (colloquial: end up causing), 俾 bei2 (let/allow). The causee + verb pattern shows what was caused to happen.
Tiếng CatalanConstruccions Causatives
B2Using fer + infinitive to express causing or making someone do something: fer cantar (to make sing), fer venir (to send for), deixar + infinitive (to let), and making someone have something done.

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