Ordinal Numbers
Nombres Ordinaux
Ordinal Numbers in French
Overview
Ordinal numbers tell you the position of something in a sequence — first, second, third, and so on. In French, the nombres ordinaux follow a simple pattern with one notable exception: the word for "first" is completely irregular, while all other ordinals are formed by adding -ième to the cardinal number.
At the A1 level, ordinal numbers help you talk about floors in a building, steps in a process, rankings, dates (for the first of the month), and much more. They appear frequently in everyday French, from le premier étage (the first floor) to la troisième rue à droite (the third street on the right).
Like many French adjectives, ordinal numbers agree in gender and number with the noun they describe — but only premier/première changes form. All the others ending in -ième stay the same regardless of gender.
How It Works
| Number | Cardinal | Ordinal | Abbreviation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | un/une | premier / première | 1er / 1ère |
| 2nd | deux | deuxième (or second/e) | 2e or 2ème |
| 3rd | trois | troisième | 3e |
| 4th | quatre | quatrième | 4e |
| 5th | cinq | cinquième | 5e |
| 6th | six | sixième | 6e |
| 9th | neuf | neuvième | 9e |
| 10th | dix | dixième | 10e |
| 20th | vingt | vingtième | 20e |
| 21st | vingt et un | vingt et unième | 21e |
Formation rules:
- Drop the final -e of the cardinal number before adding -ième: quatre → quatrième, onze → onzième.
- Cinq adds a -u- before -ième: cinquième.
- Neuf changes the -f to -v-: neuvième.
- Premier/première is the only truly irregular form. For compound numbers, use unième: vingt et unième (21st).
- Second(e) is an alternative to deuxième, typically used when there are only two items in the sequence.
Examples in Context
| French | English | Note |
|---|---|---|
| La première fois, j'avais peur. | The first time, I was scared. | Feminine (fois) |
| Le deuxième étage, s'il vous plaît. | The second floor, please. | Masculine |
| C'est la troisième rue à droite. | It's the third street on the right. | Giving directions |
| Les premiers jours sont difficiles. | The first days are difficult. | Masculine plural |
| C'est mon cinquième café aujourd'hui. | It's my fifth coffee today. | Note the -u- in cinquième |
| Elle est arrivée neuvième. | She finished ninth. | Note -f becomes -v |
| Le premier janvier. | January first. | Dates: only 1st uses ordinal |
| Le vingt et unième siècle. | The twenty-first century. | Compound ordinal |
| C'est la première fois que je viens. | It's the first time I come. | Common expression |
| Au troisième étage. | On the third floor. | With preposition |
Common Mistakes
Using "premier" for compound ordinals
- Wrong: Le vingt-premier siècle
- Right: Le vingt et unième siècle
- Why: Premier is only used for "first" by itself. In compound numbers like 21st, 31st, etc., use unième.
Forgetting spelling changes for 5th and 9th
- Wrong: cinqième, neufième
- Right: cinquième, neuvième
- Why: Cinq adds a u before -ième, and neuf changes f to v for pronunciation reasons.
Using ordinals for dates beyond the 1st
- Wrong: Le deuxième mars
- Right: Le deux mars
- Why: In French dates, only the first of the month uses an ordinal (le premier mars). All other dates use cardinal numbers.
Practice Tips
- Practice converting cardinal numbers to ordinals for 1-20. Pay special attention to the irregulars: premier, cinquième, neuvième.
- Describe the floors of a building you know well: Au premier étage, il y a... Au deuxième étage...
- Learn the key fixed phrases: la première fois (the first time), en premier (first of all), le premier janvier (January 1st).
Related Concepts
- Cardinal Numbers — the base counting numbers from which ordinals are formed
Prerequisite
Cardinal NumbersA1More A1 concepts
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