There Is and There Are (*es gibt*) in German
Es gibt
This article is part of the German grammar tree on Settemila Lingue.
In Brief
German uses es gibt for both “there is” and “there are”: Es gibt einen Park and Es gibt viele Parks. The noun phrase after it takes the accusative case (a form that marks certain objects), so masculine ein changes to einen. To ask whether something exists or is available, begin with Gibt es ...?
Overview
The expression es gibt says that something exists, is present, or is available. It is useful from the A1 level onward: you can use it to describe a neighborhood, check whether a hotel has Wi-Fi, mention an event, or point out a problem. Depending on the context, English may translate it as “there is,” “there are,” “there’s,” or occasionally “there will be.”
English changes the verb according to number: “there is one seat,” but “there are three seats.” German does not make this distinction. Gibt stays singular whether one thing or many things follow: Es gibt einen freien Platz and Es gibt drei freie Plätze.
There are two beginner rules to learn together. First, use the fixed frame es gibt. Second, put the following noun phrase in the accusative. A noun phrase is a noun together with words that belong to it, such as “a small park” or “many people.” The accusative is most visible with masculine singular articles: ein Park becomes einen Park.
How It Works
The basic pattern
A straightforward statement has this structure:
Es + gibt + accusative noun phrase + other information
- Es gibt einen Geldautomaten am Bahnhof. — There is an ATM at the station.
- Es gibt heute zwei Führungen. — There are two guided tours today.
In this construction, es is a grammatical placeholder. It does not refer to a previously mentioned object in the way that “it” does in “I bought a book; it was expensive.” Treat es gibt as a unit rather than translating es and gibt separately.
The word gibt is a form of geben, whose ordinary meaning is “to give.” However, existential es gibt does not describe anyone giving anything. Es gibt einen Markt means “There is a market,” not “It gives a market.”
Singular and plural
| German | English | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Es gibt nur einen Eingang. | There is only one entrance. | Singular noun |
| Es gibt zwei Eingänge. | There are two entrances. | Plural noun; gibt does not change |
| Es gibt viel Verkehr. | There is a lot of traffic. | Uncountable idea |
| Es gibt genug Stühle. | There are enough chairs. | Quantity word plus plural |
Do not replace gibt with a plural verb just because the following noun is plural. The noun is not the grammatical subject of gibt.
The accusative after es gibt
The accusative affects the whole noun phrase. At A1, the clearest change is in masculine singular articles and related words.
| Type | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | einen Park | eine Post | ein Café | — |
| Definite | den Park | die Post | das Café | die Cafés |
| Negative | keinen Park | keine Post | kein Café | keine Cafés |
The forms eine, ein, die, and das happen to look the same in the nominative and accusative. That does not mean the phrase is not accusative; the case simply is not visible in those forms.
Adjectives also follow accusative agreement rules:
- Es gibt einen kleinen Supermarkt.
- Es gibt eine kleine Bäckerei.
- Es gibt ein kleines Hotel.
- Es gibt viele kleine Geschäfte.
You can use proper names, mass nouns, or bare plurals without an article: Es gibt Hoffnung (“There is hope”) and Es gibt Probleme (“There are problems”).
Questions
A yes/no question puts the conjugated verb first:
Gibt + es + accusative noun phrase + ...?
- Gibt es hier eine Toilette? — Is there a restroom here?
- Gibt es noch Karten? — Are there any tickets left?
A question word comes first when you ask for specific information:
- Was gibt es heute zum Mittagessen? — What is there for lunch today?
- Wie viele Zimmer gibt es? — How many rooms are there?
- Wo gibt es hier eine Apotheke? — Where is there a pharmacy around here?
In everyday service situations, Haben Sie ...? (“Do you have ...?”) may be more natural when speaking directly to a business: Haben Sie noch ein Einzelzimmer? Gibt es noch ein Einzelzimmer? is also possible, but it asks more generally whether one is available.
Negatives with kein and nicht
Use kein when denying the existence of an indefinite or uncounted noun. It works much like “no” or “not any”:
- Es gibt keinen Aufzug. — There is no elevator.
- Es gibt keine freien Tische. — There are no free tables.
- Hier gibt es kein WLAN. — There is no Wi-Fi here.
Use nicht to negate a more specific part of the message or, in suitable contexts, a definite noun:
- Den Kurs gibt es heute nicht. — The course is not running today.
- So etwas gibt es nicht. — There is no such thing.
- Es gibt das Modell nicht mehr. — That model is no longer available.
For a basic “there is no ...” sentence with an indefinite noun, kein is the safer beginner choice.
Place or time in first position
German main statements place the conjugated verb in the second position. A position can contain more than one word. If a place or time expression comes first, the order becomes place/time + gibt + es:
- In unserem Viertel gibt es einen Wochenmarkt.
- Am Samstag gibt es ein Konzert.
- Nach 22 Uhr gibt es keine Busse mehr.
Do not keep es before the verb after moving another element to the front. German says In der Stadt gibt es ..., not In der Stadt es gibt ....
Examples in Context
| German | English | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Es gibt einen Park hinter dem Museum. | There is a park behind the museum. | Masculine ein becomes einen |
| Gibt es hier ein Café? | Is there a café here? | Yes/no question |
| Es gibt viele Leute auf dem Platz. | There are many people in the square. | Plural; gibt remains unchanged |
| In der Küche gibt es noch Kaffee. | There is still some coffee in the kitchen. | Place comes first |
| Heute gibt es eine Gemüsesuppe. | There is vegetable soup today. | Common for menus |
| Gibt es in der Nähe einen Geldautomaten? | Is there an ATM nearby? | Accusative masculine question |
| Im Hotel gibt es keinen Aufzug. | There is no elevator in the hotel. | Negative masculine article |
| Für Kinder gibt es ermäßigte Karten. | There are discounted tickets for children. | Availability |
| Wie viele Haltestellen gibt es bis zum Zentrum? | How many stops are there to the city center? | Question with quantity |
| Es gibt heute keine freien Termine mehr. | There are no appointments left today. | keine plus plural |
| Was gibt es zum Frühstück? | What is there for breakfast? | Everyday fixed question |
| Auf dieser Straße gibt es viel Verkehr. | There is a lot of traffic on this street. | Uncountable noun |
| Es gibt ein Problem mit der Rechnung. | There is a problem with the bill. | Neuter article does not visibly change |
| Nächste Woche gibt es drei Prüfungen. | There are three exams next week. | Future time expressed with present tense |
Common Mistakes
Matching the verb to a plural noun
- Wrong: Es geben viele Möglichkeiten.
- Right: Es gibt viele Möglichkeiten.
- Why: Existential es gibt is fixed in the present tense. A plural noun after it does not make the verb plural.
Using the nominative masculine article
- Wrong: Es gibt ein Park in der Nähe.
- Right: Es gibt einen Park in der Nähe.
- Why: The noun phrase after es gibt takes the accusative. Masculine singular ein therefore becomes einen.
Copying English statement order into a question
- Wrong: Es gibt hier eine Bank? as a neutral information question
- Right: Gibt es hier eine Bank?
- Why: A standard German yes/no question begins with the conjugated verb. Statement order can sound like an echo question showing surprise, but it is not the normal beginner pattern.
Putting es before gibt after a fronted place
- Wrong: In diesem Dorf es gibt keinen Bahnhof.
- Right: In diesem Dorf gibt es keinen Bahnhof.
- Why: In a main clause, the conjugated verb occupies the second position. When the place comes first, gibt comes next and es follows it.
Using nicht ein for a simple negative
- Wrong: Es gibt nicht ein Restaurant hier.
- Right: Es gibt kein Restaurant hier.
- Why: Use kein to deny the existence of an indefinite noun. Nicht ein is possible only with special contrastive emphasis, such as “not one, but two,” and is not the ordinary negative.
Translating each word literally
- Wrong idea: Es gibt must mean “it gives.”
- Right interpretation: Es gibt einen Grund. = “There is a reason.”
- Why: The complete expression has an existential meaning. Learn it as a phrase.
Usage Notes
Es gibt is neutral and common in both speech and writing. It works especially well when you introduce something new: a facility, an option, a problem, an event, or a quantity. In speech, German speakers also use da ist or da sind when pointing out something visible or locating it: Da ist der Bus (“There’s the bus”) and Da sind deine Schlüssel (“There are your keys”). Unlike es gibt, these forms agree with singular or plural.
Use es gibt for existence or availability, not for every English sentence containing “there.” In “The book is there,” “there” indicates a location, so German uses dort or da: Das Buch ist dort. In “There is a book on the table,” the structure introduces the book, so Auf dem Tisch gibt es ein Buch is possible. Often German instead chooses the more concrete Auf dem Tisch liegt ein Buch (“A book is lying on the table”).
For events, es gibt can mean that something is being offered or taking place: Morgen gibt es eine Führung. German also commonly uses stattfinden for scheduled events in a more explicit or formal style: Die Führung findet morgen statt.
Beyond the Basics / Advanced Use
You do not need to master these forms at A1, but they make the expression useful in other time frames. The simple past is es gab, and its question form is gab es:
- Früher gab es hier ein Kino. — There used to be a movie theater here.
- Gab es Probleme? — Were there any problems?
The present perfect is es hat ... gegeben. The participle gegeben (the verb form used with an auxiliary to build the perfect) normally appears at the end:
- Es hat eine Änderung gegeben. — There has been a change.
- Hat es Beschwerden gegeben? — Have there been any complaints?
The future can use es wird ... geben, although present tense plus a future time expression is often enough:
- Morgen gibt es Regen. — There will be rain tomorrow.
- In Zukunft wird es mehr direkte Züge geben. — In the future there will be more direct trains.
In a subordinate clause (a clause that depends on another part of the sentence), the conjugated verb moves to the end:
- Ich glaube, dass es noch Plätze gibt. — I think there are still places available.
- Wir bleiben zu Hause, weil es ein Gewitter gibt. — We are staying home because there is a thunderstorm.
Several common patterns extend the basic construction:
- es gibt etwas/nichts zu + infinitive: Es gibt viel zu tun. — There is a lot to do. An infinitive is the base verb form, here tun.
- es gibt keinen Grund zu ...: Es gibt keinen Grund zur Sorge. — There is no reason to worry.
- etwas gibt es nicht mehr: Das Geschäft gibt es nicht mehr. — The shop no longer exists.
- es gibt ... seit ...: Die Firma gibt es seit 1998. — The company has existed since 1998.
More formal writing may prefer vorhanden sein (“to be present/available”) or existieren (“to exist”). These are not automatic substitutes: Es gibt noch Tickets sounds natural in ordinary conversation, while Tickets sind noch vorhanden sounds more like an announcement or written notice.
Practice Tips
- Build a neighborhood inventory. Write six sentences beginning with In meiner Straße gibt es .... Include one masculine noun, one feminine noun, one neuter noun, one plural, and two negatives. This forces you to practice the accusative rather than memorizing only the phrase.
- Turn statements into questions and negatives. Change Es gibt einen Bus into Gibt es einen Bus? and Es gibt keinen Bus. Repeat with nouns of different genders.
- Listen for word order. When you hear or read heute, hier, or a longer place phrase first, notice the sequence gibt es: Heute gibt es ..., Am Bahnhof gibt es .... Say the whole opening aloud as one rhythm group.
Related Concepts
- Prerequisite: Accusative Case (Articles) — explains why ein Park becomes einen Park after es gibt.
Prerequisite
German Accusative Case ArticlesA1More A1 concepts
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